슬라브어의 시간 - 시간 어휘 속에 반영된 슬라브인의 세계관 -
The Slavic time -The world view reflected in the Slavic time lexis-
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본고에서는 슬라브어 시간 어휘의 내적 형식에 대한 고찰을 통해서 시간을 보는 슬라브인의 관점이 어떻게 언어에 반영되어 있는지를 살펴보고, 더 나아가 세상을 보는 슬라브인의 관점이 언어라는 의사소통 체계 속에서, 특히 어휘 속에 어떻게 녹아 있는지 살펴본다. 슬라브어 시간 어휘 속에는 시간을 인지하는 슬라브인의 관점이 드러나며, 순환적 시간관과 직선적 시간관이 드러나기도 한다. 또한 구체적인 시간 단위인 달, 계절, 요일, 하루에 대한 슬라브어 명칭과 내적 구조, 지시 내용은 슬라브인들의 생활상, 기후 및 가치관을 잘 반영한다.
Abstract
The concept of time is universal, but its conceptualization is rather culture-specific or language-specific. Vremja in Russian and vreme in Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian, meaning ‘time’, come from a Proto-slavic form *vermę, meaning ‘to turn, to rotate’, and it indicates that the ancient Slavic people consider the time as a revolving circle. It is common for the Slavic languages that the summer (leto, ljato, lato etc.) is read as a whole year and it shows that the very short and intense summer in the Slavs' habitation was considered as a starting point of the year or a border line of the years. The week-day names and their inner forms are also analogical among the Slavic languages but the Slavic people do not have their own word meaning ‘weekend’. They do not need to have the word ‘weekend’, because the Slavic words indicating Sunday (nedelja, nedela etc.) are combined with the inner form ‘no+work’ with the meaning ‘the day of no works’, which the English 'weekend' are supposed to implicate. The Slavic names of the months, unlike the other names indicating time units, are not analogical among themselves. In some Slavic languages month names coincide with the ones of the other European languages and the other Slavic languages have their own month names representing specific features of the nature and seasonal events. It is because the Roman calendar system was adapted relatively late in the Slavic world. Thus the Slavic time words show how the time is conceptualized and lexicalized in the Slavic languages and reflected on their inner forms. Eventually the Slavic time words reveal the way the Slavic people see the world, i.e., the ancient and modern Slavs' world view.
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