세계로부터 천산(天山)으로: 키르기스스탄 대외정책 정향의 변화
From the World to the Celestial Mountains: The Changes of Kyrgyz Foreign Policy Orientation
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이 논문은 독립 이후 키르기스스탄 대외정책의 흐름을 ‘친서방적 정향’ (1991~1994), ‘전략적 균형 외교’(1995~2004), ‘친러시아적 정향’(2005~) 등 크게 세 시기로 대별하여 그 변화의 계기와 동인을 분석하였다. 아카예프 정부 초기의 친서방적 정향은 독립국가로서의 생존을 위해 경제안보를 최우선으로 고려한 결과이다. ‘전략적 균형 외교’는 서방 국가들과의 밀접한 관계 그리고 주변 국가들과의 선린관계 조성, 양자가 모두 필수적이라는 지도부의 인식을 반영한 것이다. 이것은 다중벡터주의 개념에 기초한 ‘실크로드 외교’로 정립되었다. 바키예프(K. Bakiyev) 정부에 들어 러시아의 경제력 및 지역적 역할 증대, 키르기스 국내정치의 권위주의화, 모스크바의 재정적 지원 등을 비롯한 몇 가지 요인들이 키르기스스탄의 대외정책을 친러시아적 정향으로 변화시켰다.
Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the momentum and causes of changes in Kyrgyz foreign policy orientation, dividing it into three periods：“pro-Western orientation”(1991~1994), “strategically balanced diplomacy” (1995~2004), and “pro-Russian orientation”(2005~). Akaev government's regarding of economic security as the first priority of national survival resulted in “pro-Western orientation” in the initial stage of Akaev regime. “The strategically balanced diplomacy” reflected Kyrgyz leaders' strategic understanding that both strong relationship with Western countries and good neighbourhood with nearby states are all essential for Kyrgyz national interests. This conception was formulated as “the Diplomacy of the Silk Road” based on the “multivectorism”. Several factors including strengthening of russian economic power and its regional role, authoritarianism in Kyrgyz domestic politics, and Moscow's financial initiatives for Kyrgyzstan transformed Kyrgyz foreign policy into “pro-Russian orientation”.
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