구조와 행위자 차원의 러시아 엘리트 정치 변화에 관한 연구 - 2020년 개헌을 중심으로 -
A Study on Transformation of the Russia’s Elite Politics at the Structure and Actor Level - Focusing on the 2020 Constitutional Amendments -
0
조회
0
다운로드
11
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 윈터스의 ‘과두제’ 모델과 하일리와 스틴의 통합⋅분화⋅순환에 따른 정치체제와 엘리트 유형 모델을 융합한 분석틀에 기초하여 2020년 개헌을 계기로 나타난 러시아 정치엘리트 구조의변화를 살펴보고 있다. 푸틴 집권 이후 지속되어 온 러시아식 과두제와 엘리트 구조가 유지되고 있는지, 그리고 그 내부의 질적 변화는 어떻게 이뤄지고 있는지 분석하는 것이 연구의 목적이다. 연구 결과 과두제 유형은 ‘술탄제적’ 과두제로, 정치체제와 엘리트 유형은 ‘권위주의와 분리된엘리트 유형’으로 변화되었다. 즉, 통치의 본질과 분화의 정도, 순환의 방식이 개인적⋅분절적⋅급진적 방식으로 변화되었다. 또한, 2020년 개헌으로 푸틴의 권력이 실질적으로 강화되었으며, 푸틴사단의 비공식의 제도화라는 러시아식 정치체제가 정착되고 있음을 확인하였다.
Abstract
This study examines the changes in the structure of Russian political elites following the constitutional amendments in 2020, based on the analytic framework that combines Winters’s ‘Oligarchy’ model and Higley and Steen’s political system and elite type model according to unity, differentiation, and circulation. The purpose of the study is to analyze whether the Russian oligarchic and elite structure that has continued since Putin took power is being maintained and how qualitative changes within it are taking place. As a result of the study, the oligarchic type was changed to ‘Sultanistic’ oligarchy, and the political system and elite type were changed to ‘authoritarian and divided type’. In other words, the nature of rule, the degree of differentiation, and the way of circulation have changed in individual, fragmented, and radical ways. In addition, it was confirmed that the constitutional amendments in 2020 substantially strengthened Putin’s power, and that the Russian political system of informal institutionalization of Putin’s elite groups is being established.
참고문헌 (84)
- 박상남, "푸틴의 러시아: 권력과 시장 그리고 비즈니스" (2007), 한울
- 연담린, "러시아의 국가안보 위협 요인과 유라시아 전략 공간 확장 정책: 한반도 사드 배치와 ‘거대한 유라시아’ 개념을 중심으로", 국제학논총, 35, pp.5~54 (2022), 국제학연구소[DOI]
- 2020년 푸틴 정부의 개헌 평가와 정국 전망, "이태림", 외교안보연구소, ~, pp.외교안보연구소 정책연구시리즈, 2020-20 (2021)
- 2020년 러시아의 헌법 개정: 정치적 배경과 함의, "장세호", 국가안보전략연구원, ~ (2020)
- 정희석, "러시아 푸틴 대통령의 권위주의 통치와 삼권분립", 국제정치연구, 23(3), pp.125~158 (2020), 동아시아국제정치학회[DOI]
- 주장환, "중국 정치 엘리트의 특성: 유형화와 그 변화", 한국과 국제정치, 24(4), pp.169~195 (2008), 극동문제연구소[DOI]
- 주장환, "중국 정치 엘리트 유형 변화에 대한 연구:제18기 중국 공산당 중앙위원회를 중심으로", 중소연구, 37(3), pp.101~126 (2013), 아태지역연구센터[DOI]
- 주장환, "다른 과정, 같은 결과: 중 · 러 정치 엘리트 전환", 중소연구, 39(1), pp.89~130 (2015), 아태지역연구센터[DOI]
- 주장환, "중국 정치 엘리트 유형 변화에 관한 연구: 제19기 중국 공산당 중앙위원회를 중심으로", 국제지역연구, 25(3), pp.207~225 (2021), 국제지역학회[DOI]
- 주장환, "체제전환기 국가, 엘리트 연구: 쟁점과 제안", 국제지역연구, 26(1), pp.25~42 (2022), 국제지역학회[DOI]
- 주장환, "체제전환기 중·러 엘리트 정치 구조 변화에 대한 비교분석: 다른 과정, 같은 결과", 분석과 대안, 6(3), pp.163~202 (2022), 사단법인 코리아컨센서스연구원[DOI]
- 러시아 헌법수정안과 전(全)러시아투표 그리고 한반도에 대한 함의, "현승수", 통일연구원, ~ (2020)
- "Putinism: The Ideology" (2013)[URL]
- Aron, Raymond, "Social Structure and the Ruling Class", British Journal of Sociology, 1(2) (1950)
- Brancaleone, Marie, "The Russian Elite in the post-Putin Era" (2021), Centre d’étude des crises et conflits internationaux
- Burton, Michael, "The Study of Political Elite Transformations", International Review of Sociology, 11(2) (2001)
- Chen, Weixing, "Leadership in a Changing China" (2005), Palgrave Macmillan
- Dahrendorf, Ralf, "Society and Democracy in Germany" (1979), W. W. Norton
- Easter, Gerald M, "Reconstructing the State : Personal Networks and Elite Identity in Soviet Russia" (2000), Cambridge University Press
- "The six types of Putin’s elites" (2022)[URL]
- "Democracy under Siege" (2021)[URL]
- Gaman-Golutvina, Oxana, "Russian Society and Elites in 1989-2009:Transformation Results and Future Perspective", Historical Social Research, 35(2) (2009)
- Garrido-Vergara, Luis, "Elites, political elites and social change in modern societies", Revista de Sociología, (28) (2014)
- Gel’man, Vladimir, "The Dictatorship of Law in Russia: Neither Dictatorship, Nor Rule of Law Dictatorship, Nor Rule of Law", PONARS Policy, Memo, 146 (2000)
- Gel’man, Vladimir, "The Unrule of Law in the Making: The Politics of Informal Institution Building in Russia", Europe-Asia Studies, 56(7) (2004)
- Gel’man, Vladimir, "Constitution, Authoritarianism, and Bad Governance: The Case of Russia", Russian Politics, (6) (2021)
- Gel’man, Vladimir, "Studies of political elites in Russia", Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 33(3) (2000)
- "Global Wealth Report 2022" (2022)[URL]
- Higley, John, "Types of National Elites in Postcommunist Central and Eastern Europe", International Politics, 34(2) (1997)
- Higley, John, "Elites after State Socialism: Theories and Analysis" (2000), Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc
- Higley, John, "Elite Foundations of Liberal Democracy" (2006), Rowman & Littlefield
- Hoffmann-Lange, Ursula, "The Palgrave Handbook of Political Elites" (2018), Macmillan Publisher Ltd
- Kryshtanovskaya, Olga V, "Transformation of the Old Nomenklatura into a New Russian Elite", Sociological Research, 34(6) (1995)
- Kryshtanovskaya, Olga V, "Russian Elite in Transition", Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, (4) (2008)
- Lane, David, "The Transformation of Russia: The Role of the Political Elite", Europe-Asia Studies, 48(4) (1996)
- Lane, David, "Postcommunist Elites and Democracy in Eastern Europe" (1998), Palgrave Macmillan
- Laruelle, Marlene, "Russian Nationalism: Imaginaries, Doctrines, and Political Battlefields" (2018), Routledge
- "Putin’s Regime and the Ideological Market: A Difficult Balancing Game" (2017)[URL]
- Li, Cheng, "China’s Changing Political Landscape: Prospects For Democracy" (2008), Brookings Institution
- Marx, Karl, "Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right" (1970), Oxford University Press
- Michels, Robert, "Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy" (1962), Free Press
- Mosca, Gaetano, "The Ruling Class" (1939), McGraw-Hill Book Co
- Nodia, Ghia, "Democracy’s Inevitable Elites", Journal of Democracy, 31(1) (2020)
- Pareto, Vilfredo, "The Mind and Society: a Treatise on General Sociology" (1935), Dover
- "Mr. Putin’s “Rule-by-Law State”" (2012)[URL]
- Popova, Maria, "Putin-Style “Rule of Law” & the Prospects for Change", Daedalus: The Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sicences, 146(2) (2017)
- Prewitt, K., "The Ruling Elites : Elite Theory, Power and American Democracy" (1973), Harper & Row
- Putnam, Robert D, "The Comparative Study of Political Elites" (1976), Prentice-Hall
- Raviot, Jean-Robert, "Putinism: A Praetorian System?", Russie.Nei.Visions, (106) (2018)
- Remington, Thomas, "Patronage and the Party of Power: President–Parliament Relations Under Vladimir Putin", Europe-Asia Studies, 60(6) (2008)
- Renz, Bettina, "Putin’s Militocracy? An Alternative Interpretation of Siloviki in Contemporary Russian Politics", Europe-Asia Studies, 58(6) (2006)
- Robinson, Neil., "Putin and the Incompleteness of Putinism", Russian Politics, (5) (2020)
- Ruostetsaari, Ilkka, "Opening the Inner Circle of Power Circulation among the Finnish Elites in the Context of Major Societal Changes 1991–2011", Comparative Sociology, 12(2) (2011)
- Sakwa, Richard, "Soviet Politics : An Introduction" (1989), Routledge
- Sakwa, Richard, "Russian Politics under Putin" (2003), Manchester University Press
- Sakwa, Richard, "“Putin and the oligarchs”, New Political Economy", Routledge Journals (2008)
- Shih, Victor C, "Factions and Finance in China : elite conflict and inflation" (2008), Cambridge University Press
- Shinar, Chaim, "The Russian Oligarchs, from Yeltsin to Putin", European Review, 23(4) (2015)
- "They are from the Soviet Union: How Putin’s elite nomenklatura origins led to war" (2022)[URL]
- Snegovaya, Maria, "Long Soviet shadows: the nomenklatura ties of Putin elites", Post-Soviet Affairs, 38(4) (2022)
- Soldatov, Andrei, "The New Autocracy: Information, Politics, and Policy in Putin’s Russia" (2018), Brookings Institution Press
- Steen, Anton, "Political Elites and the New Russia: The Power Basis of Yeltin’s and Putin’s Regimes" (2003), Routledge Curzon
- Steen, Anton, "Elites and Democratic Development in Russia" (2003), Routlede
- Stoner, Kathryn E, "Russia Resurrected : Its Power and Purpose in a New Global Order" (2021), Oxford University Press
- Taylor, Brian, "The Code of Putinism" (2018), Oxford University Press
- "The China challenge" (2022)[URL]
- Control, Development, Legitimacy and the 2024 Problem, "Tóth-Czifra, András", Foreign Policy Research Institute, ~ (2022)
- Treisman, Daniel, "Putin’s Silovarchs", Orbis, 51(1) (2007)
- Treisman, Daniel, "The New Autocracy: Information, Politics, and Policy in Putin’s Russia" (2018), Brookings Institution Press
- "Russia’s Active Measures Architecture: Task and Purpose" (2018)[URL]
- White, Stephen, "Politics and the Ruling Group in Putin’s Russia" (2008), Palgrave Macmillan
- Willerton, John P, "Developments in Russian Politics" (2019), Duke University Press
- Winters, Jeffery A, "Oligarchy" (2011), Cambridge University Press
- "Владимир Путин: Крушение Советского Союза было крупнейшей геополи тической атастрофой века", Правда.Ру, ~ (2005)
- "Одобрение деятельности Владимира Путина" (2022)[URL]
- "Депутат Карелин отозвал свою поправку о возможности проведения досро чных выборов в Думу" (2020)[URL]
- "Закон Российской Федерации о поправке к Конституции Российской Федер ации от 14.03.2020 г. № 1-ФКЗ"[URL]
- Заметина, Тамара, "Конституционная реформа и совер шенствование системы публичной власти в России", 7th International Scientific Conference “Social Changes in the Global World” (2020)
- "Путин на Валдае: диалог с Прохановым" (2022)[URL]
- "Новая русская элита: Укрощение строптивых, изг нание неверных, интронизация силовиков" (2008)[URL]
- "Российская элита на переходе" (2008)[URL]
- Покатов, Дмитрий, "Рекрутирование современной российской политическо й элиты как ротация политической и административно-корпоратив ной элитных групп", Власть и элиты, 6(1) (2019)
- "Путин сформулировал национальную идеологию" (2022)[URL]
- "Пять путинских элит на фоне транзита" (2020)[URL]
