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플리바게닝(Plea bargaining)에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 연구

A study on factors affecting Pleabargaining

고민조
법학연구소 (The Institute of Legal Studies Konkuk University)|2022.11|아주법학 (Ajou Law Review)|제16권 제3호|pp. 47-82|DOI 10.21589/ajlaw.2022.16.3.47

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참고문헌

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유죄협상negotiationjudgement and decision making유죄인정플리바게닝판단과 의사결정사법협조자 소추면제pleabargainingplea guilty
주제분류법학

초록

2005년 플리바게닝제도 도입 논의가 시작된 이래로 지금까지 찬반 논의가 끊이지 않고 있다. 2018년 1월 검찰개혁위원회에서 ‘사법협조자 소추면제’(형벌감면)제도의 세부안을 마련하여 검찰에 권고하는 등 플리바게닝제도는 여전히 주요 형사정책적 이슈로 거론되고 있다. 새로운 제도를 도입하려는 경우 이미 존재하는 다른 제도와의 모순․상충 여부 또는 기존 법문화와 융화될 것인지 여부에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 또한, 제도 시행 시 영향을 미칠 수 있는 사회·문화적 요인 및 당사자들의 심리적 요인에 대한 연구가 선행되어야 한다. 지금까지 플리바게닝 도입에 대한 국내 연구는 주로 법학에서 형사사법정책적 또는 비교법적 관점에서 연구되고 있다. 그러나 플리바게닝은 피의자‧ 피고인, 변호인, 검사 사이의 상호복잡한 판단과 의사결정 과정을 포함하고 있으며, 소추기관이나 피의자‧피고인이 어느 정도 자신의 손해를 감수하더라도 이익을 극대화하겠다는 심리적인 요소가 근본적인 바탕을 이루고 있는 제도이다. 또한, 피의자‧피고인과 검찰 측이 판단에 이르기까지 다양한 사회적·환경적 요인에 영향을 받을 수 있다. 따라서 제도 도입에 대한 법률적·제도적 측면에서의 찬반여부와 함께 제도에 영향을 미치는 사회적·심리학적 요인에 대한 분석도 병행되어야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 플리바게닝제도에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 사회문화적·심리학적인 요인들을 분석하여 플리바게닝 도입시 효율적인 형사정책적 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 피의자‧ 피고인의 헌법상 권리가 훼손되지 않고 검찰과의 동등한 위치를 보장하는 제도를 위해 플리바게닝에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인들을 구체적으로 분류하고 이와 관련한 문제점을 최소화하기 위해 고려해야 할 사항들을 제시함으로써 플리바게닝과 관련한 입법적·형사정책적 시사점을 도출하고자 했다. 향후 본 연구에서 언급한 고려사항들에 대해 법학뿐만 아니라 관련 학문 영역 간에 실증적인 학제간 융합 연구가 진행될 필요가 있다.

Abstract

Since discussions on the introduction of the pleabargaining began in 2005, there have been constant discussions on pros and cons. In January 2018, the Pleabargaining is still being discussed as a major criminal policy issue. In the case of introducing a new system, it is necessary to review whether it will contradict or conflict with other existing systems or integrate with existing legal culture. In addition, research on social and cultural factors and psychological factors of the parties that may affect the implementation of the system should be preceded. Until now, domestic research on the introduction of pleabargaining has been mainly studied from the perspective of criminal justice policy or comparative law in law. However, pleabargaining includes a complex process of judgment and decision-making between suspects, defendants, lawyers, and prosecutors, and is based on the psychological factor of maximizing profits even if prosecutors, suspects, and defendants bear some damage. In addition, the suspect, the accused, and the prosecution may be affected by various social and environmental factors. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the social and psychological factors that affect the system along with the pros and cons of legal and institutional aspects of the introduction of the system. The purpose of this study is to analyze socio-cultural and psychological factors that can affect the pleabargaining system and present an efficient criminal policy direction when introducing pleabargaining. For a system that guarantees equal position with the prosecution without damaging the constitutional rights of suspects and defendants, it has to be derived legislative and criminal policy implications related to pleabargaining by specifically classifying various factors that affect pleabargaining and suggesting matters to minimize related problems. In the future, it is necessary to conduct empirical interdisciplinary convergence studies between not only law but also related academic fields for the considerations mentioned in this study.

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