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유로자본주의의 형성과 독일모델의 재편

Formation of Euro Capitalism and Restructuring of German Model

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

본 논문은 21세기 독일모델의 변화를 유로자본주의의 형성이라는 자본주의 공간의 근본적인 재편과 연계해 분석하려는 시도이다. 본 논문은 독일의 변신이 가능했던 이유를 유럽통합의 심화와 유로자본주의의 출현이라는 거시적 구조 변화의 연장선상에서 탐색할 것이다. 21세기 독일모델의 성공은 유로자본주의라는 생산․시장․화폐․금융 영역에서 자본주의 공간의 근본적인 재편을 논의하지 않고는 설명될 수 없다는 것이 본 논문의 출발점이다. 본 논문은 다음의 두 가지 과제를 수행한다. 첫째, 유럽통합의 단계적 심화를 매개로 유로자본주의의 형성과정에 대해 논의할 것이다. 국민국가적 축적체제, 유로자본주의, 지구적 정치경제의 관계에 대해 주의를 환기한 후, 유럽통합의 주요 프로젝트들, 즉 단일시장, 단일화폐, 금융시장 통합이 어떻게 유로자본주의라는 새로운 공동의 자본주의 공간을 형성하였는지 추적하며 재구성한다. 유로자본주의의 특징에 대해서도 논의할 것이다. 둘째, 유럽통합의 심화와 유로자본주의의 형성과정에서 독일모델이 어떻게 변화했는지를 분석한다. 생산입지논쟁과 민영화, ‘노동을 위한 동맹’과 하르츠 개혁, 유로존 아래서의 임금억제 등이 유럽통합과의 연계하에 조명될 것이다. 독일은 임금억제와 재정긴축 등의 내부적 평가절하를 통해 강력한 경쟁력을 확보함으로써 매우 공격적인 수출에 성공했고, 막대한 무역흑자를 내고 있다. 그러나 독일모델의 성공이 유로자본주의를 심각한 불균형으로 이끌고 있다는 점을 간과해서는 안 될 것이다.

Abstract

This paper analyzes the changes of German model since the 21st century in its relation to the formation of Euro capitalism as a sort of fundamental restructuring of the space of capitalism itself. The transformation of Germany can be possible thanks to the more intensified European integration and the emergence of Euro capitalism in connection with the macroscopic changes in its structure. The starting point of this paper is that the success of German model of the 21st century would not be fully accounted without mentioning on the restructuring of the Euro capitalism. The following two tasks are performed in this paper. First, it explains the formative process of the Euro capitalism mediated by a phased intensification of European integration. After calling the attention to the relation of regime of accumulation at national level, Euro capitalism, and global political economy, this paper studies the major projects of European integration like single market, single currency, and the integration of financial market. Then it reconstructs how those projects can create successfully a common place of capitalism as its new space. Along with it, the characteristics of this Euro capitalism are mentioned. Secondly, it analyzes how German model has been changed in the process of European integration intensified and Euro capitalism constructed. Also it points out on Standortdebatte and privatization, Bündnis für Arbeit and Hartz reform, and the depression of wages under the Eurozone system in relation to the European integration. Germany can boost aggressive exports drive successfully owing to its competitiveness secured by so-called inner devaluation like wage depression and fiscal prudence, and in return the immense trade surplus of Germany proves its success. However, the equivalent attention should be paid to the fact that such a remarkable success of German model leads Euro capitalism into another way of a serious imbalance.

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