코로나19 방역 정책의 성공 조건: 한국 사례의 비교연구
COVID-19 Pandemic Policy Optimization between Health and Economy: South Korea in Comparative Perspective
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초록
정부의 코로나19 방역 정책이 보건 목표와 경제 목표 사이 상충관계를 완화하는 상생적 경로를 따르려면 대규모 집합 행동을 통해 시민의 자발적 정책 순응을 담보하는 작업이 필요하다. 높은 수준의 위협, 시간적 압박, 불확실성을 특징으로 하는 ‘위기 정치’ 시간은 시민의 ‘합리적 공포’를 작동시켜 ‘사회적 위험’ 기반 대규모 집합 행동을 가능하도록 만든다. 시민의 민첩한 ‘위험 인지’가 무임승차의 유인을 억제하는 효과를 가진 방역이라는 독특한 공공재의 속성 때문이다. 자신을 공공재 창출의 ‘최약 고리’로 인지할수록 대규모 집합 행동에 참여할 확률이 높아지고 그 결과 정부의 방역정책에 대한 시민의 자발적 정책 순응도가 높아진다는 이 연구의 가설은 선진산업민주국의코로나19 방역 정책 결과의 변이를 잘 설명했고, 한국의 경험을 통해서도 지지를 받았다. 한국의 사례는 정부의 민첩한 정책 대응이 ‘검사 및 격리’ 정책의 성공 요인인 반면 시민의 자발적 정책 순응이 ‘개인위생 및 사회적 거리두기’ 정책의 성공요인이라는 점을 보여줬다.
Abstract
This article argues that social risk is important to facilitate large-scale collective action, which is the political foundation of voluntary civic compliance with government non-pharmaceutical interventions policy recommendation and ultimately successful COVID-19 pandemic policy optimization between health and the economy. It produces descriptive and statistical analyses across advanced industrial democracies and on the case of South Korea in terms of national pandemic policy responses, confirming its theoretical expectation that countries or individuals with high social risks facilitate large-scale collective actions that determine whether pandemic policy optimization succeeds or not.
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