중국의 정보통제와 코로나19 초기대응
The First Two Months: China’s Information Control on COVID-19
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초록
이 논문은 코로나19의 발생 직후 확산을 막는데 결정적인 시기라고 할 수 있는 첫 두 달여 동안 중국 정부의 대응을 분석한다. 논문에서는 최초 환자발생 추정 시점인 2019년 12월 1일부터 우한시 봉쇄가 실시된 2020년 1월 23일까지 정부의 방역조치를 추적하면서 그 과정에서 의료기관, 의사, 전문가, 환자들을 대상으로 진행된 정보통제 과정을 세부적으로 재구성하였다. 이 시기 중앙정부와 우한시정부는 신속한 경고와 적극적인 격리 대신 감염병에 대한 정보통제를 통해 상황을 축소 또는 봉합하는데 집중하였고, 효과적인 초기대응은 지연되었다. 중국 정부가 상황의 심각성을 인지하고도 정보통제에 치중했다는 사실은 곧 초기대응 지연이 제도나 정책의 ‘실패’에 기인할 뿐만 아니라 정치적인 ‘선택’이기도 하며, 결과적으로 중앙 및 우한시정부 모두 그 선택에 대한 비판에서 자유롭기 어려움을 시사한다.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the Chinese central and local governments’ information control during the early stage of COVID-19 proliferation. Focusing on the critical first two months since the COVID-19 outbreak, between December 1, 2019 and January 23, 2020, it examines how the Wuhan municipal government and the central government concealed and distorted information on the disease by suppressing medical institutions, doctors, and experts, which contributed to the failure in early riposte to the disease and the nation-wide proliferation afterwards. This paper highlights the Chinese governments’ mismanagement of COVID-19 during the first two months is not simply a systematic failure but also a deliberate political choice, holding both the central and local governments responsible for the consequences.
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