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미국과 중국의 군사 기술 경쟁과 세력 전이 : 인공지능, 자율무기체계 군사 기술을 중심으로

U.S.-China Military Technology Competition and Power Transition: Focusing on Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Weapon Systems

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

미국과 중국은 왜 인공지능, 자율무기체계를 중심으로 한 군사 기술 경쟁을 벌이고 있는가? 이 질문에 대해, 본 연구는 미국과 중국의 세력 전이 인식이 양국의 인공지능, 자율무기체계 군사 기술 경쟁을 촉발했다고 주장한다. 패권국 미국은 인공지능, 자율무기체계 군사기술을 세력 전이를 차단할 수 있는 기회라고 인식하는 반면, 도전국 중국은 이들 군사 기술이 세력 전이를 가속화 할 수 있는 기회라고 인식한다. 국가 간 경쟁에서 경제력이 상대적으로 취약하더라도 인공지능, 자율무기체계라는 저비용 군사기술을 활용해 군사력에서 추월할 수 있다는 것이다.

Abstract

Why are the U.S. and China competing in military technology centered on artificial intelligence and autonomous weapon systems? In response to this question, this article argued that the United States and China recognize artificial intelligence and autonomous weapon systems military technologies as technologies that can directly impact power transition. The hegemonic power, the United States, perceives artificial intelligence and autonomous weapon systems military technologies as opportunities to block the power transition. At the same time, the challenger, China, recognized these technologies as an opportunity to overtake the U.S. hegemon. Even if economic power is relatively weak compared to the competing country, it is possible to overtake the opponent by employing low-cost military technologies such as artificial intelligence and autonomous weapon systems.

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