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인공지능 군사무기화의 국제안보적 영향과 규범화 연구

How Artificial Intelligence Military Weapons Affect the International Security Environment?

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초록

본 연구는 AI 선도국들이 개발하고 있는 ‘치명적 자율무기’(Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems)가 향후 국제정치 안보환경에 미칠 영향에 대해 알아보고, 나아가 자율무기 규제규범 창출 가능성에 대하여 전망한다. 인공지능 시스템은 전투의 국면을 가속화시키고 예측하기 어려운 방식으로 상호작용하여 군사위기를 필요 이상으로 증폭시킬 수 있다. 인공지능 군사기술의 발전으로 궁극적으로 방어가 공격보다 어렵게 되는안보환경이 조성된다면 해당 국가들은 이를 극복할 수 있는 억지 수단이 결여될 뿐만아니라 국가들 간 심각한 안보딜레마를 야기할 수 있다. 아울러 자율무기가 국가의 통제에서 벗어나게 되면 국민국가를 중심으로 형성되었던 관념과 정체성을 변화시켜 결과적으로 국민국가의 약화를 초래할 수 있을 것이다. 현재 인공지능 군사무기 규제의필요성이 국제사회에 대두되고 있음에도 불구하고 국제협력이 어려운 이유는 무기 금지

Abstract

This study examines how weaponized Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology affects the international security environment and global cooperation in regulating Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). First, different AI military weapons can interact in unpredictable ways and escalate military crises between states. Second, the widespread development of AI weapon systems will eventually exacerbate the security dilemma between states. Last, autonomous weapons may be appropriated by non-state actors such as terrorist groups or extremist groups persecuting minorities. Recently, many activists, NGOs and smaller states are looking for ways to drive norms regulating weapons systems that select and engage targets without meaningful human control. However, it is hard to imagine such a ban coming into force until there is a consensus among great powers on the issue of weaponized AI technology.

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