미중 패권경쟁과 인공지능 군사력 경쟁
US-China Strategics Competition and Artificial Intelligence Arms Race
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초록
미중 경쟁은 미래 질서 리더십 확보에 핵심요소가 될 수 있을 것으로 인식되는 신흥기술 분야 주도권 경쟁으로 확대되고 있다. 특히 인공지능 기술이 미래 패권국을 결정하는 게임체인저가 될 것이라는 인식 하에 미중 양국은 인공지능 기술 주도를 핵심 국가전략으로 강조하고 있다. 또한 인공지능이 미래전쟁의 양상을 변화시킬 것이라는 인식은 인공지능 기술의 발전과 함께 군사화의 중요성을 제고하고 있다. 이에 미중 양국은 인공지능 기술 주도 경쟁과 군사화 경쟁을 가속화하고 있다. 현재의 압도적 군사우위를 유지하고자 하는 미국과 지능화 혁신을 통한 비약적 발전으로 미국과의 격차를 좁혀가고자 하는 중국이 모두 인공지능을 군사혁신의 핵심으로 하고 있다는 점에서 인공지능의 군사력 경쟁이 주목받고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 미중 양국간의 인공지능 군사력 경쟁을 초래하고 있는 기술결정론적 인식에 주목하고, 미중 인공지능 군사력 경쟁의 전략인식과 이에 근거한 구체적인 군구조혁신, 군사기술 혁신, 규범 주도경쟁 등을 중심으로 분석한다. 미중 양국이 가진 인공지능에 대한 전략인식, 즉 인공지능 기술이 패권경쟁과 군사력 경쟁의 핵심이라는 인식을 분석하고, 이에 근거한 양국간의 인공지능 군사력 경쟁의 구체적 양상을 분석함으로써 미중 양국의 인공지능 군사력 경쟁의 미래와 국제정치적 함의를 제시한다.
Abstract
The competition for hegemony between the US and China has been focusing on the emerging technology sector, which is recognized as a key factor in securing leadership in the future order. In particular, with the recognition that artificial intelligence technology will be a game changer that determines future economic growth and military power, the future national and defense strategies of the US and China are paying attention to artificial intelligence technology, accelerating the competition for AI technology-led competition and militarization. The competition for militarization of artificial intelligence technologies have been getting severe between the great powers. Therefore, this study pays attention to the technological deterministic perception that is causing the AI arms race between the US and China, and focuses on two great powers’ strategic perceptions on the AI technology. And this study analyzes the detailed contents of the US and China’s AI arms race focusing on the military structure innovation and increasing military forces relating with AI, the increasing investment on AI military technology, and competition of the AI military norm. In conclusion, this study shows the policy implication of this great powers’ AI arms race.
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