러시아 안보․국방 분야의 인공지능 기술 도입과개발 현황: 분석과 한계
An Analysis on the AI technology in Russia’s Securityand Defense
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초록
4차 산업혁명과 인공지능(AI) 기술의 발달은 인간의 삶을 기하급수적으로 바꿔놓고 있다. 특히 안보․국방 분야에서의 인공지능 기술은 국가의 생존을 좌우한다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 전장은 점차 인공지능 기술이 탑재된 첨단 무기의 실험장으로 변모하고 있으며, 미래의 전장은 인간과 기계가 대결하는 환경으로 변할 수도 있다. 안보․국방 분야에서의 인공지능 기술 개발과 적용에 관한 미국과 중국의 기술 패권 경쟁이 치열하게 진행되고 있는 가운데 과거 냉전시대 양극체제의 한 축을 이뤘던 러시아 역시 동 분야에 대한 기술 개발에 박차를 가하고 있다. 본 연구는 러시아 국방부의 인공지능 기술 도입 배경, 현황, 계획, 정책을 소개하여 러시아의 군사적 의지가 아직 건재함을 밝힌다. 안보․국방 분야에서의 인공지능 기술 개발과 적용에 있어 러시아는 군사 패권 경쟁을 벌이고 있는 미중 두 강대국의 수준과 규모에 비해 열세이지만, 특정 분야에서는 강점을 드러내고 있으며 이에 따른 연방정부 차원의 정책과 지원도 진행 중이다. 이러한 배경에서 본 논문은 그동안 거대한 미중 경쟁에 가려져 큰 두각을 나타내지 못했던 러시아 안보․국방에서의 인공지능 기술 개발과 적용을 소개하고 분석한다.
Abstract
AI(Artificial Intelligence) technology accompanied by the fourth industrial revolution has tremendously changed our lives. AI technology in the area of security and defense may affect the destiny of the nation. Battlefields are now considered as an experimental site where new weapons equipped with advanced technology are tested. Future battlefields may become a site where machine and human collide. In this light, our research presents history, technology, policy and plan of the Russian Federation’s AI technology in the area of national security and defense. Although the US and China are the frontiers and the largest investors of the area, Russia has its own competitive edge that has been heavily invested and supported. Against this backdrop, the research analyzes the AI technology advancement and explains opportunities and challenges presented in the Russian defense and security.
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