다중 언어 습득의 인지효과에 대한 인지신경언어학적 분석
Neurolinguistische Analyse der kognitiven Effekte der Mehrsprachigkeit
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초록
국제화 및 다문화 사회적 특성이 뚜렷해지는 우리 사회에서 복수의 언어를습득하는 다중 언어 습득 능력은 사회성원이 갖추어야 할 필수적인 조건으로인식되고 있다. 본 연구는 지금까지 통제기능을 중심으로 수행되어온 다중 언어 습득의 인지효과에 관한 연구들을 종합적으로 분석하여 새로운 연구 모델을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구를 성인 연구와 아동 연구로구분하여 각각에 해당하는 연구 결과들을 종합적으로 살펴보았다. 그리고 이러한 선행연구의 결과를 비판적으로 분석한 연구들을 확인해 보면서 기존 연구가 갖는 한계점을 규명하였다. 더 나아가 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 기존의연구가 갖는 한계점을 보완할 수 있는 새로운 연구 모델을 구상하였다. 이러한 새로운 연구 모델은 학습 연구 모델을 적용하여 언어 학습 전과 후를 비교하고, 인지신경언어학적 방법론을 활용하여 다중 언어 학습의 인지적 효과를 직접적으로 측정하며 통제기능의 하위기능을 개별적으로 측정할 수 있는테스트를 적용한 모델이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 새로운 모델을 적용한 두가지 실험연구를 소개하면서 다중 언어 습득의 인지효과에 관한 새로운 연구모델의 적용 가능성을 제시하고 있다.
Abstract
Heutzutage ist die Gesellschaft stark von Globalisierung und Multikulturalismus geprägt. Somit wird die Fähigkeit, sich mehrere Sprachen anzueignen, als eine wichtige Voraussetzung anerkannt, die Mitglieder einer Gesellschaft erfüllen sollten. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat versucht, eine neue Forschungsrichtung vorzuschlagen, indem die bisher durchgeführten Studien überprüft wurden, die die kognitiven Effekte der Mehrsprachigkeit untersucht haben. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den sog. „Exekutiven Funktionen“. In dieser Studie werden zunächst die Ergebnisse der vorangegangen Studien umfassend sowie kritisch analysiert und ihre methodischen Einschränkungen festgestellt. Danach wird ein neues Forschungsmodell aufgestellt, das die erkannten Einschränkungen überwinden kann. In dem neuen Forschungsmodell werden neurolinguistische Methoden wie z.B. EEG, verwendet um die kognitiven Auswirkungen der Mehrsprachigkeit direkt zu messen. Dabei werden die exekutiven Funktionen vor und nach dem Erwerb einer neuen Sprache verglichen. In diesem Modell wird ebenfalls die neue Testmethode AX-CPT angewendet, die Unterfunktionen der Exekutiven Funktionen getrennt messen kann. In dieser Arbeit werden auch zwei neurolinguistische Studien vorgestellt, die mit dem neuen Forschungsmodell den kognitiven Effekt der Mehrsprachigkeit bei Jungen und Erwachsenen untersucht haben, wobei das neue Modell mit Blick auf die Ergebnisse der zwei Studien überprüft wurde.
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