EU의 송환지침과 프랑스 및 독일의 이민법 개정
Return Directive of the European Union and the Revision of the Immigration law of France and Germany
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초록
이민 관련 공동 정책은 쉥겐 협약과 마스트리히트 조약으로 EU 공동 문제가 되었으며, 2008년의 ‘불법체류자 본국송환에 관한 송환지침’으로 더욱 강화되었다. 송환지침의주 내용은 자발적 출국 유예기간, 재입국 금지, 유치 조치, 미성년 불법체류자 포함여부문제 등으로, 일부 조항에 대해 불법체류자의 인권 침해 가능성이 제기되었다. 송환지침에 따른 관련 국내법의 개정 이후 프랑스는 기존 법률에 비해 강경한 정책을 취하게 되었지만, 여전히 다른 회원국에 비해 불법체류자에 대해 우호적인 태도를 취했다. 반면독일은 국내법 개정 이후에도 강경한 정책을 견지했는데, 이는 독일이 인구수 대비 외국인 비율이 높은 국가로 전통적으로 국적법 등을 통해 배타적인 이민정책을 실행해 왔으며, 송환지침에 의한 독일의 체류법 개정은 이러한 기존 정책을 그대로 따른 것이라할 수 있다. 개정 완료 후 유럽법원은 일부 회원국의 행정당국에 시정을 명령함으로써EU법과 국내법 간 충돌을 감소시켰다.
Abstract
The immigration policy, considered as one of major common policy of the European Union since the Schengen Acquis and the Treaty of Maastricht, was reinforced by the Return Directive adopted on 16 December 2008. The voluntary departure, the entry ban, the detention for the purpose of removal, the removal and the detention of minors are the most important parts of this Directive. But it was criticized by reason of the risk of the violation of human rights and fundamental rights of the illegal immigrants. After the revision of the immigration law of the Member states, imposed by the Directive, the differences are still observed in the national laws on illegal immigrants of the Member States. The CESEDA of France took relatively moderate measures after the revision, while the Aufenthaltsgesetz of Germany kept taking strong measures against the illegal immigrants. The different attitudes of two countries came non only from the rapid increase and the high rate of the foreigners in the German population, but also from restrictive and exclusive immigration policy of the German Government. The conflicts among the national law and the EU Directive were adjusted by the Court of Justice of the European Union.
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