EU 지침의 회원국 국내법에 대한 법적 영향력 고찰: 인신매매 지침에 따른 25개 회원국 국내법 비교분석
Legal Impact of EU Directives on National Laws: Comparative Analysis of Legal Changes of EU Member States Imposed by Directives of Human Trafficking
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
EU는 2001년부터 불법체류자 관련 규칙 및 지침 등을 채택해왔다. EU의 불법체류자 지침에 관한 국내외 선행연구는 지침의 내용 자체나 프랑스, 독일 등 일부 회원국 국내법에 대한 영향에 제한되는 경향을 보였다. 반면 불법체류자 관련 EU 지침이 EU 회원국 국내법에 미치는 영향에 대해 회원국 전체 사례를 비교분석한 연구는 매우 드물다. 본 연구는 EU 지침의 28개 회원국 국내법에 대한 영향 분석을 위해 2001년부터 채택된 불법체류자 관련 EU 지침의 국내법에 대한 영향과 2004년과 2011년 인신매매 관련 EU 지침으로 인한 각 회원국의 국내법 개정 내용을 수치화해 객관적인 분석을 시도했다. 이를 통해 선행연구에서 미흡하게 다루어졌던 불법체류자와 인신매매 피해자에 관한 법적 강경성과 법 인도주의적 성향을 국가별로 분석할 수 있었다. 분석 결과에 따르면 전체 인구수 대비 이민자 비율이 낮은 체코, 헝가리, 슬로바키아 등 중부 유럽과 리투아니아, 라트비아 동유럽 국가들은 상대적으로 불법체류자 관련 지침에 따른 법 개정 횟수가 많았다. 또 2004년과 2011년 인신매매 관련 지침에 따른 국내법 개정의 경우, 그리스, 스페인, 프랑스 등 남서부 유럽 국가들과 체코, 불가리아, 루마니아 등 동남부 유럽 국가들이 불법체류자가 된 인신매매 피해자에 대해 온정적인 정책을 실행하는 등, 법적 강경성이 가장 낮았던 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Since 2001, EU adopted regulations and directives on illegal immigrants. Precedent studies on EU directives of illegal immigrants, in particular human trafficking, focused on policies and contents of these directives or legal influences of EU law on several Member States, such as France and Germany. Yet, it is hard to find studies which show interest in comparative analysis of legal impact of EU directives of illegal immigrants on national laws of 28 Member States. This paper aims to analyze legal changes of whole Member States imposed by EU directives of illegal immigrants, including those of human trafficking, with method of quantification of those national legal changes. This research allows to see which Member States modified their legal system in favor of illegal immigrants and victims of human trafficking. This study sheds light on legal differences of 28 Members States forced by EU directives regarding of illegal immigrants and victims of human trafficking, which were not discussed by precedent studies. The first finding is that countries where immigrant rate is relatively low tend to change more national laws in order to meet legal conditions given by EU directives. As for legal changes of Member States according to 2004 and 2011 EU directives on human trafficking, South-West European countries, such as Greece, Spain and France, and South-East European countries, such as Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Rumania, modified their laws which are more advantageous to victims of human trafficking, in other words illegal immigrants regardless of their own will.
참고문헌 (15)
- Council of the EU, "Directive 2001", 36, Official Journal of the EU, pp.2011, L101[DOI]
- Council of the EU, "Directive 2004", 81, Official Journal of the EU, pp.2004, L261[DOI]
- European Commission, "Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the application of Directive 2004", 81 on the residence permit issued to third-country nationals who are victims of trafficking in human beings or who have been the subject of an action to facilitate illegal immigration, who cooperate with the competent authorities, 2014
- European Commission, "Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council Assessing the Extent to which Member States Have Taken the Necessary Measures in Order to Comply with Directive 2011", 36, COM(2016) 722 final, pp.2016, ~
- European Commission, "Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the application of Directive 2004", 81 on the residence permit issued to third-country nationals who are victims of trafficking in human beings or who have been the subject of an action to facilitate illegal immigration, who cooperate with the competent authorities, 2010
- European Council, "Regulation (EC) N° 862", 2007 of the European Parliament and the Council of 11 July 2007 on Community statistics on migration and international protection and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 311, ~
- 박채복, "유럽연합의 이민 및 망명정책: 평가 및 전망", 한국정치외교사논총, 30(1), pp.107~134 (2008), 한국정치외교사학회[DOI]
- 심성은, "EU의 송환지침과 프랑스 및 독일의 이민법 개정", 유럽연구, 34(2), pp.229~255 (2016), 한국유럽학회[DOI]
- Askola, Heli, "Violence against Women, Trafficking, and Migration in the European Union", European Law Journal, 13(2) (2007)
- Blazek, Matej, "The Absent Presence: Children’s Place in Narratives of Human Trafficking", AREA, 8 (2018)
- Davidson, Julia O’Connell, "New Slavery, Old Binaries: Human Trafficking and the Borders of ‘Freedom’", Global Netweorks, 10(2) (2010)
- Krieg, Sarah H., "Trafficking in Human Beings: The EU Approach between Border Control, Law Enforcement and Human Rights", European Law Journal, 15(6) (2009)
- Limoncelli, Stephanie A., "Human Trafficking: Globalization, Exploitation, and Transnational Sociology", Sociology Compass, 3(1) (2009)
- Marinova, Nadejda, "The Tragedy of Human Trafficking: Competing Theories and European Evidence", Foreign Policy Analysis, 8(3) (2012)
- Salt, John, "Trafficking and Human Smuggling: A European Perspective", International Migration, 38(3) (2002)