영국의 EU 탈퇴과정에서의 영국독립당 (UKIP)의 정체성과 역할에 대한 분석
An analysis on UKIP's identity and role in Brexit referendum
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본 연구는 영국독립당 (UKIP)의 정체성과 2016년 6월 국민투표과정에서의 UKIP의 정치형태를 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 합리적 선택이론에 따르면 정책추구정당은 정책실현을 정치적 목적으로 하며, 이를 위해서 다양한 정치 행태를 선택할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 합리적 선택이론을 기초하여 구성한 정체성과 이를 위한 UKIP의 정치적 행위를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 1993년 창당된 UKIP은 EU 탈퇴를 단일의제로 선정하여, 영국의회 선거와 유럽의회선거에 참여하는 반 EU 단일정책추구정당이다. 반 EU 단일정책추구정당인 UKIP은 영국의 EU 탈퇴 국민투표 과정에서 Vote Leave 캠페인으로부터 협력거부와 UKIP 정책의 무단 채택 등 정치적 견제를 받았지만, UKIP은 정치쟁점의 변화를 우려하여 이를 묵인하였으며, 또한 지역의회 중심의 지역적 접근을 시도하는 등 보완적 역할을 통해 Brexit 찬성을 이끌어 냈다. 이는 반 EU 정책을 실현을 추구하기 위한 UKIP의 정치행위였다.
Abstract
This study is to understand the UKIP's political behavior during their Brexit referendum in June 2016. According to rational choice theory, a policy seeking party has a political goal to implement its policy, and for the implementation, the party chooses various political behavior within political parties. Based on this argument, this study focuses on continuity of policy which shapes identity in order to analyze the UKIP's political behavior. In 1993, the UKIP was established and took an anti-European approach as a core agenda. The main policy has been continued in the general election and the EP elections. Thus it can be argued that the UKIP is a single issue party which only purposes to seek Brexit. In the Brexit referendum, although the UKIP proposed a cooperative campaign with the Vote Leave campaign, Vote Leave rejected the UKIP's proposal in order to produce differentiation with the UKIP. Vote Leave also adopted the UKIP's policy without notice. However, the UKIP condoned it and took its own campaign strategy to approach local governments. The strategy brought about a successful result.
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