유럽통화통합 계획의 수립과정에 관한 연구-독일과 프랑스의 관계를 중심으로
A Study on the Process of European Monetary Integration: Focused on the Relationship between Germany and France
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초록
본 논문은 60년대 이후 유럽의 통화통합 계획의 수립과정에 있어서 독일과 프랑스의 지정학적 관계를 고찰하면서 지금까지 유럽통화통합을 추진시켜 온 독일의 정책적 근거가 무엇인지를 고찰하고 있으며 그 결과를 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 유럽의 경제통화동맹(EMU) 계획이 수립된 이후까지만 해도 유럽통화통합에 대한 독일의 정책은 독일의 외교정책엘리트들에 추진되었다. 즉 독일의 외교정책엘리트들은 독일의 1차적인 목표인 지정학적 목표를 달성하는데 유럽통화통합이 이용될 수 있다고 인식해 왔다. 그 지정학적 목표는 바로 독일의 인접 유럽제국들 특히 프랑스와의 안보갈등을 해소하기 위해 독일을 유럽기구들 속에 참여시키는 것이었다. 그러나 마스트리트 조약이 서명된 이후부터는 외교정책엘리트들이 부수적 역할을 하고 있음에 비해, 국내의 경제적 이해관계들과 국가재정당국자들이 유럽통화통합에 대한 독일의 정책을 형성하는데 주도적 역할을 담당하였기 때문에 이러한 상황은 역전되었다. 그러므로 유럽통화통합에 대한 정책결정에 있어서 국내의 경제적 이해관계들이 지정학적 이해관계들보다 우선시 되었다는 점에서, 독일의 통화통합정책은 더욱더 다른 유럽통화동맹 가맹국들의 정책과 비슷해지게 되었다.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the political and economic interests of Germany in relation to the process of European Monetary Integration since the first attempt at monetary union. From the first attempt of monetary union to the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, German policy on European monetary integration was driven by German geo-political interests. Foreign policy elites were positive to European monetary integration because they perceived that monetary integration could be used to achieve their primary geo-political goal. The geo-political goal was to embed Germany in European institutions to dismantle the security dilemma with its European neighbours, particularly with France. But geo-political interests were constrained by domestic economic interests in negotiations over European monetary institutions. In the end, the final plans for the institutions of monetary integration were shaped by monetary stability coalition including Bundesbank and Ministry of Finance. But, after the signing of Maastricht, this situation was reversed, as monetary stability coalition has led in shaping German policy on European monetary integration, with foreign policy coalition playing a secondary role. Thus, the shift in power from the foreign policy coalition to the monetary stability coalition may make Germany look more like other European states, in that domestic economic interests have taken precedence over geo-political concerns in making of policy on European monetary integration.
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