통화통합의 정치적 동인: 유럽의 경험과 동아시아에의 함의
Political Motivations for Monetary Integration: The European Experience and the Implication for East Asia
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이 논문의 목적은 유럽통화통합의 역사를 추동했던 정치적 요인을 규명하고, 그로부터 동아시아 통화통합의 전망에 대한 함의를 도출하는 것이다. 통화통합은 그 경제적 효과나 동인과는 별개로 통화주권에 대한 선택의 문제를 중심으로 전개되는 정치적인 현상이다. 고정환율제로부터 단일통화에 이르는 유럽통화통합의 과정은 국제적, 지역적, 개별 국가적 차원에서 작동하는 정치적 요인들에 의해 규정되어 왔다. 유럽통화통합을 추동한 일차적 요인은 달러화 중심의 패권적 국제통화질서를 수정하고자 하는 정치적 동기에 있다. 이러한 요인이 근저적인 동인을 이루는 가운데 유럽통화체제(EMS)의 비대칭성이라는 유럽적 수준에서의 문제와, 인플레이션 통제에 주안점을 두는 통화정책기조를 지역협력을 통해 공고화하려는 국내정치적 동인이 결합되면서 단일통화체제로 발전하게 된 것이다. 이러한 유럽의 경험은 동아시아 통화통합의 전망과 가능성을 결정하는 일차적인 요인이 국제통화질서의 수정에 대해 어느 정도의 공감대를 형성하고 있는가에 달려 있음을 보여 준다. 이 조건이 충족될 경우 현재 동아시아 통화통합의 장애로 제시되는 역내 국가들 간 정치적 불신과 제도적 결핍 등의 문제는 오히려 통화통합의 제도적 진화를 결정할 정치적 소재로 전환될 가능성이 높다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the political motivations behind the European monetary integration and draw implications for the future of the East Asian monetary integration. Regardless of its economic rationale and effect, monetary integration proceeds as a series of political choice on the issue of monetary sovereignty. The European experience reveals that those political factors working on the international, regional, and domestic levels determine the destiny of this choice. The fundamental motivation behind the European monetary integration was to revise the hegemonic international monetary order in such a way to protect and promote European common interests. With this being a fundamental rationale, the political conflict among the European countries on the asymmetric nature of the European Monetary System(EMS) and the domestic political considerations to secure monetary policy commitment have finally led to the launch of a monetary union. This experience highlights the fundamental importance of the revisionist consensus on the future development of East Asian monetary integration, which, by and large, is not mature yet. Yet, once this precondition is satisfied, the oft-cited obstacles to the monetary integration in East Asia, political mistrust and institutional deficit, are likely to be transformed into the political raw materials for the institutional evolution.
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