이미지의 사실성과 학습자의 전문성이 학습용 에이전트의 의인화 효과에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Image Realism and Learner’s Expertise on Persona Effect of Pedagogical Agent
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초록
이 연구의 목적은 학습용 에이전트의 사실성 수준과 학습자의 전문성 수준이 학습성취 및 에이전트에 대한 의인화 효과에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위한 것이다. 대학생 68명(남학생=19명, 여학생=49명)이 실험에 참여했으며, 전문성 수준은 사전검사의 평균을 기준으로 상위집단과 하위집단으로 구분했다. 사실성 수준은 에이전트 이미지를 단순화하는 정도에 따라서 구분했다. 이 연구의 종속변수는 학습성취와 의인화 효과에 대한 지각점수이다. 의인화 효과는 학습촉진, 신뢰성, 인간다움, 학습개입으로 구분되었다. 실험결과에 따르면 학습성취에서는 에이전트 사실성 수준에 의한 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 의인화 효과에 대한 설문에서는 학습개입을 제외한 나머지 모든 범주에서 유의미한 상호작용이 나타났다. 단순주효과 분석에 따르면 이러한 상호작용의 효과는 전문성 수준이 높은 학습자가 정밀한 이미지의 에이전트를 제공받았을 때 의인화 효과가 올라갔다. 이러한 결과는 학습자의 전문성 수준에 따라서 의인화 효과가 달라진다는 것을 보여준다. 또한 전문성 수준이 높은 학습자들은 에이전트에 대한 인지적 평가를 할 수 있었음을 의미한다. 전문성 수준이 높은 학습자들에게는 사실성 수준이 높은 에이전트를 제공하는 것이 긍정적인 효과를 도출했다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to test the effect of pedagogical agent realism and expertise on persona effect. There were two perspectives of the pedagogical agents' social interaction. Self-identification hypothesis argues that complexity of agent image is better to increase social interaction. Subjective identification insists that simplified image is more helpful to facilitate social interaction. However, from the cognitive load theory perspective, learners' expertise can be a major factor to determine persona effect. Sixty-eight college students (male=19 and female=49) participated. The independent variables were the degree of realism of pedagogical agent (detailed vs. simplified image) and the expertise (high prior knowledge group vs. low prior knowledge group). The dependant variables were comprehension test and the agent persona instrument (API). There was no significant difference in comprehension test score; however, there were significant interaction effect on the most constructs of API: 1) facilitating of learning, 2) credible, and 3) human-like. The follow-up analysis of simple main effect revealed that high expertise group showed significantly higher perception of the three construct with high realism of pedagogical agent. The results of study show that learners' expertise plays a key role of perception of persona effect.
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