유럽연합의 부문별 환경정책에 대한 일고
A Study on EU Sectoral Environmental Policy
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초록
유럽연합 창설 초기인 1950년대에는 회원국들이 경제성장이나 농업정책에만 관심을 집중해 환경에 대한 공동체 차원에서의 정책 설립은 등한시 하였다. 그러나 1970년 초 UN 인간환경회의(UN Conference on the Human Environment)가 개최되어 세계 110여 개국 대표들이 환경악화와 오염의 월경(越境)문제의 심각성을 인식하면서, 유럽연합도 1973년 11월 처음으로 공동체 차원에서 환경실행프로그램(Environmental Action Programme)을 채택하고 적극적으로 대응하기 시작하였다. 그 후 1987년 단일유럽의정서가 제정되어 유럽연합의 환경정책이 법적 기반을 가지게 됨으로써 빠르게 발전하여, 현재에는 공동체 내에 중요한 정책 중 하나로 손꼽힐 뿐만 아니라 세계적으로도 평가받는 환경정책을 가지게 되었다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 유럽연합의 환경정책 중 화학물질, 대기오염, 수질오염, 폐기물 관리, 오존층 파괴 및 지구온난화 5개 부문의 정책내용을 중점적으로 살펴본다. 결론에서는 현재까지 유럽연합이 부문별 환경정책을 시행하면서 나타난 문제점들을 살펴보고, 미래의 지속적인 환경정책 발전을 위한 방안도 논의해 본다.
Abstract
In the formative years of the EU, environmental issues were generally disregarded, and in fact, the Treaty of EEC made no mention or provision for environmental matters. However, environmental policy has certainly come a long way since 1973, and has become one of the most rapidly expanding areas among EU policy activities. As a result, it stands out as a notable European and international policy achievement in terms of the quantity and range of legislation, and in terms of its increasing popular support. It also provides the most suitable physical and political framework for preventing environmental pollution, tackling of trans-boundary environmental pollution, coordinating national and international environmental policies, and eliminating distortions of competition. In this paper, I survey the evolution of 5 major EU sectoral environmental policies, which include chemical, air pollution, water pollution, waste management, and climate change and ozone depletion. I also delineate its weaknesses and suggest future reform measures in the conclusion.
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