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EU 환경정책의 발전과 우리나라 산업에 주는 영향

EU Envioronmental Policy and their Impact on Korean Industries

정홍열
한국유럽학회 (The Korean Society Of Contemporary European Studies)|2007.02|유럽연구 (The Journal of Contemporary European Studies)|제24권 |pp. 263-302|DOI 10.17052/jces.2007.24..263

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EU Environmental PolicyEU 환경정책환경 실천 프로그램단일유럽의정서EU의 부문별 환경정책유럽환경청Environmental Action ProgrammeSingle Europan ActEU Sectoral Environmental PoliciesEuropean Environment Agency
주제분류지역학

초록

유럽연합은 회원국들 간에 국경을 맞대고 있는 관계로 한 국가가 오염물질을 잘 못 관리하면 타 국가에 오염물질을 빠르게 확산시키고 직접적으로 영향을 미치기 때문에 환경에 관련된 공동의 정책이 필요했었다. 하지만 공동체 초기에는 각 국가가 농업이나 경제성장 정책 수립에 목표를 두면서 환경에 대한 공동체 차원에서의 정책 설립은 주요 관심사가 되지 못하였다. 결국 1973년 11월 처음으로 공동체 차원에서 제 1차 환경 실천 프로그램(Environmental Action Programme)을 채택한 이후에야 환경에 관련된 많은 정책과 법규들이 만들어졌고, 환경에 관련된 의제(agenda)도 차츰 넓혀져 갔다. 그리고 오늘날에는 EU의 환경정책이 공동체내에 중요한 정책들 중 하나로써 확고한 위치를 차지하게 되었고, 세계적으로도 다른 국가들의 환경정책 수립에 하나의 훌륭한 지침서 역할을 하고 있다.이 논문에서는 세계적으로 평가를 받고 있는 유럽연합의 환경정책의 내용을 살펴보고, 이들 환경정책이 우리나라 산업에 미치는 영향도 알아본다. 또한 결론 부문에서는 기존의 EU 환경 정책이 가지고 있는 문제점들과 우리의 대응방향도 논의해 본다.

Abstract

When the EU was established in 1957, it had none of the environmental policies, bureaucracies and laws. However, it immediately recognized the significance of cross-border co-operation to address common environmental problems when the issue came to the fore of public debates in the late 1960s. It presented the first “Environment Action Programme” in 1973. Since then, its environmental policies have become one of the most rapidly expanding areas among all the EU policy activities, and as a result the Community came to have some of the most progressive environmental policies in the world today. In spite of this achievement, several important challenges still remain to be overcome. The member states encounter difficulties related to policy implementation and having internationally-effective regulations designed. The 2004 enlargement of EU may also hinder the development of such policies, reduce its quality, and lower the environmental standards and their implementation across Europe. In this paper, I survey the evolution of EU environmental policies and 4 major sectoral policies : chemical, air pollution, water pollution and waste management. I also discuss its impact on Korean industries. In the conclusion, I delineate the EU environmental policies weaknesses and suggest a future reform direction. In addition, I present the possible countermeasures the country can take to avert its negative influences.

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