외교의 도시 브뤼셀: 도시외교 거버넌스와 대외관계 전략
Brussels, City of Diplomacy: City Diplomacy Governance and External Relations Strategy
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이 글은 유럽연합의 수도이자 벨기에 연방국가의 수도인 브뤼셀의 도시외교적 기능과제도적 특징에 관해 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 특히 브뤼셀 도시외교의 거버넌스와제도적 특징을 대 EU 외교의 측면에서 분석하기 위해 도시외교를 담당하는 내부 행정력과 부서 간 관계를 역량, 강도 및 조정의 측면에서 검토하였다. 브뤼셀 수도지역의 외교업무를 담당 기구는 연방정부 외교부서와 수평적 협력 관계 하에서 높은 제도화의 수준을 이루고 있다. 인력 구성면에서도 도시외교 전담 부서가 타지역 도시외교 전담 인력보다 역량이 큰 것으로 나타났다. EU 차원의 사업과 네트워킹 참여 측면에서도 단발적 사안에 따른 실행보다는 장기적 계획에 따른 프로젝트 중심적 운영 형태를 보이고 있다. EU 사안에 대한 조정 측면에서 브뤼셀 수도지역의 대외협력과 전체 부처 간 조율을 책임지는 별도의 부서가 마련되어 있다. 특히 EU 브뤼셀 상주대표부에 브뤼셀 수도지역대표부가 별도로 소재하여 지역의 이해를 반영하고 있다. 한편 브뤼셀 도시외교가 갖는국제전략의 특징은 세 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 브뤼셀이 도시외교를 통해 추구하는 강조점이 가치 중심적이고 포용적이며 지속가능한 개발협력에 있다는 점이다. 둘째, 도시의외교적 사안에 대한 부처간 조율이 효율적으로 이루어지고 있다. 셋째, EU와 국제기구의수도로서의 지위를 적극적으로 활용하는 전략을 취하고 있다
Abstract
This article aims to analyze the city diplomatic function and institutional features of Brussels, the capital of the European Union and the capital of the Belgian federal state. In particular, in order to analyze the governance and institutional characteristics of Brussels city diplomacy, diplomatic relations with the EU and the internal administrative power in charge of city diplomacy and the relationship between departments were reviewed in terms of capacity, intensity and coordination. The organization in charge of diplomatic affairs in the Brussels Capital Region achieves a high level of institutionalization under horizontal cooperation with the federal government's foreign affairs department. In terms of participation in projects and networking at the EU level, it shows a project-oriented form of operation based on a long-term plan rather than policy implementation based on a short term occasional issue. In terms of coordination dealing with the EU issues, there is a separate department responsible for coordination among all ministries in charge of external cooperation in the BCR, and thus the Delegation of the BCR is located within the permanent representative of Belgium to the EU, reflecting the interests of the region. Meanwhile, the characteristics of the international strategy of city diplomacy in Brussels can be summarized into three. First, the emphasis Brussels pursues through city diplomacy is on value-oriented, inclusive and sustainable development cooperation. Second, inter-institutional coordination on diplomatic issues in the city is being carried out in an efficient way. Third, it is taking a strategy to actively utilize its status as capital of the EU and international organizations.
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