From Central Asia to the Indo-Pacific: Italy's Role in the Development of International Relations
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This study examines Italy's evolving role in the international relations of Central Asia and the Indo-Pacific amid shifting global dynamics following the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. Focusing first on Central Asia, it analyses Italy's participation in infrastructure connectivity, trade, and energy partnerships within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative's Middle Corridor. Drawing on the ITACA research project conducted by Sapienza University's CEMAS, the paper highlights Italy's engagement through bilateral and multilateral initiatives - such as the 2025 "1+5" summit in Astana - and the growing involvement of Italian enterprises like ENI and WeBuild in regional infrastructure and energy development. The second part ex-tends the analysis to the Indo-Pacific, emphasizing Italy's emerging strategic interests in maritime security, digital connectivity, and defence cooperation. The case study on South Korea illustrates Italy's increasing integration into this crucial geopolitical area through trade, technological collaboration, and the promotion of soft power diplomacy. The research concludes that Italy, while unable to rival China or Russia, can offer an alternative partnership model grounded in sustainable infrastructure, energy transition, and cultural diplomacy - thereby consolidating its position as a key European actor in the evolving Eurasian and Indo-Pacific geopolitical landscapes.
Abstract
This study examines Italy's evolving role in the international relations of Central Asia and the Indo-Pacific amid shifting global dynamics following the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. Focusing first on Central Asia, it analyses Italy's participation in infrastructure connectivity, trade, and energy partnerships within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative's Middle Corridor. Drawing on the ITACA research project conducted by Sapienza University's CEMAS, the paper highlights Italy's engagement through bilateral and multilateral initiatives - such as the 2025 "1+5" summit in Astana - and the growing involvement of Italian enterprises like ENI and WeBuild in regional infrastructure and energy development. The second part ex-tends the analysis to the Indo-Pacific, emphasizing Italy's emerging strategic interests in maritime security, digital connectivity, and defence cooperation. The case study on South Korea illustrates Italy's increasing integration into this crucial geopolitical area through trade, technological collaboration, and the promotion of soft power diplomacy. The research concludes that Italy, while unable to rival China or Russia, can offer an alternative partnership model grounded in sustainable infrastructure, energy transition, and cultural diplomacy - thereby consolidating its position as a key European actor in the evolving Eurasian and Indo-Pacific geopolitical landscapes.