하향 영향력 전술과 웰빙, 동기부여에 대한 매개역할로서의 리더-구성원 교환관계
The Mediating role of Leader-Member Exchange in Downward Influence Tactics, Well-being, Motivation
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초록
본 연구는 리더가 구성원의 행동을 통제하거나 지휘하기 위해, 또는 리더의 요구에 응하도록 하기 위해 전술을 사용한다는 것을 다루고 있다. 이런 리더의 전술에 따른 행동이 구성원의 태도와 행동을 긍정적으로 촉진하거나 부정적으로 영향을 줄 것이다. 즉, 구성원이 인지한 리더의 영향력 전술이 리더-구성원 교환관계(leader-member exchange, LMX)에 영향을 줄 것이며, 이렇게 형성된 LMX의 수준이 구성원의 웰빙, 동기부여를 인지하는데 있어서의 매개역할에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 분석 결과 웰빙과 내재적 동기부여의 경우, 하향 영향력 전술 네 가지 모두에 대해 LMX가 매우 높은 매개효과를 보이고 있다. 즉 리더는 구성원에게 영감적 호소 전술, 합법성 전술, 교환 전술을 사용함으로써 LMX 수준을 높게 유지할 수 있고, 이는 직무수행 과정에서 구성원의 웰빙과 동기부여에 정의 영향을 미치게 된다. 그리고 외재적 동기부여의 경우에는 영감적 호소 전술에 대한 LMX의 매개효과가 나타나지 않았는데, 이는 영감적 호소 전술이 집단 안에서 리더와 구성원이 모두 함께 가치, 목표를 달성하리라는 구성원의 믿음이 지속적으로 공유되는 것과 관련된 결과로 생각된다. 한편 압력 전술은 웰빙과 내재적 동기부여, 외재적 동기부여 모두에 부정적인 영향을 주었다. 이는 압력 전술은 리더의 요구에 순응하고 기대한다는 전제하의 전술로 구성원이 인지할 경우 LMX 수준을 낮추는 데 영향을 주기 때문일 것이다.
Abstract
This study is dealing that a leader's behavior affects to members' attitude and behavior negatively or positively, also a leader uses tactics for making their members obey control, command, and demand. For trying various approaches related to leadership, I considered mediating role of LMX which can explain the relationship among downward influence tactics, well-being, and motivation. In consequence of analysis, it is presented mediation effects that LMX is quite high in every four kinds of downward influence tactics. Thus, through using inspirational appeal tactics, legitimating tactics and exchange tactics to members, a leader can maintain quality of LMX high. This gives positive influences members' well-being and motivation during undergoing their job. And there were not mediation effects of LMX which is about inspirational appeal tactics in extrinsic motivation. This can be regarded as a result which is related members share their belief that they can achieve their value and goal with the leader continuously. On the other hand, pressure tactics negatively affects to all three factors, well-being, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation. This would be because pressure tactics affects to lower down the quality of LMX when members recognize pressure tactics as to adapt and to expect what leader requires.
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