하향 영향력 전술과 구성원의 반응에 대한 리더-구성원 교환관계의 조절효과
The Moderating Role of Leader-Member Exchange on the Relationship between Downward Influence Tactics and Employees’ Responses
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본 연구는 리더의 영감적 호소 전술, 상담 전술, 교환 전술, 그리고 압력 전술의 사용이 리더-구성원 교환관계에 따라 구성원의 반응에 차별화된 효과를 나타냄을 밝혔다. 리더가 구성원에게 영향력을 행사하기 위해 영감적 호소 전술을 사용하는 경우 구성원의 저항과 순응을 줄이고 몰입을 높일 수 있다. 이러한 영감적 호소 전술의 효과는 LMX의 수준과 관련 없이 동일하게 나타난다. 상담 전술은 LMX의 수준이 낮은 외집단에 비해 내집단에서 효과가 크다. 즉 상담 전술은 구성원의 저항을 감소시키고 몰입으로 유도한다. 리더가 교환 전술에 의존하는 경우 구성원의 순응을 높이거나 또는 저항을 높일 수 있으며, 몰입의 변화를 이끌지는 않는다. 하지만 압력 전술을 사용하면 구성원은 몰입을 줄이고 최소한의 능력과 노력만을 보이는 순응 또는 저항을 하게 된다. 이 때 외집단이 내집단에 비해 높은 수준의 순응을 보이고, 내집단은 외집단에 비해 저항을 하는 경향이 낮다. 본 연구는 리더의 하향 영향력 전술과 구성원의 반응 간의 차별적 관계를 입증함으로써 하향 영향력 전술의 기본적 기제를 밝히는 일련의 과정에서 기초적 정보를 제공했으며, 리더의 하향 영향력 전술의 사용이 LMX의 질에 따라 집단 내 구성원의 반응에 상이한 영향을 미침을 밝힘으로써 리더십에 대한 이해를 더욱 정교화하는 데 기여할 것이라고 생각된다.
Abstract
This study is dealing that leader’s downward influence tactics such as inspirational appeal, consultation, exchange, and pressure have differentiated effects on the employee’s response according th leader-member exchange. When leader use inspirational appeal tactic in order to exercise influence to their employee, it makes employee’s resistance and compliance to decrease and commitment to increase. There is no significant difference of effects of inspirational appeal between in-group and outgroup. Consultation tactic makes to reduce employee’s resistance and to enhance commitment. The higher the level of LMX is, the stronger the effect of consultation tactic is. When leader use exchange tactic, it makes their employee’s compliance and resistance to increase, but it has no significant effect to commitment. But leader use pressure tactic, employee reduces their commitment and enhance their compliance and resistance. In-group members tend to reduce their resistance, and outgroup members tend to increase their compliance. This study is supposed to offer basic information for clarifying the mechanism which downward influence tactics operate in leadership process, and thus to contribute further to enhancing the practical application of the study outcomes on leadership.
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