Bone cement grafting increases implant primary stability in circumferential cortical bone defects
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Purpose: Implant beds with an insufficient amount of cortical bone or a loss of corticalbone can result in the initial instability of a dental implant. Thus, the objective of this studywas to evaluate the effect of bone cement grafting on implant initial stability in areas withinsufficient cortical bone. Methods: Two different circumferential defect depths (2.5 mm and 5 mm) and a control(no defect) were prepared in six bovine rib bones. Fourteen implants of the same type andsize (4 mm×10 mm) were placed in each group. The thickness of the cortical bone wasmeasured for each defect. After the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were measuredthree times in four different directions, bone cement was grafted to increase the primarystability of the otherwise unstable implant. After grafting, the ISQ values were measuredagain. Results: As defect depth increased, the ISQ value decreased. In the controls, the ISQ valuewas 85.45±3.36 (mean±standard deviation). In circumferential 2.5-mm and 5-mm defectgroups, the ISQ values were 69.42±7.06 and 57.43±6.87, respectively, before grafting. These three values were significantly different (P<0.001). After grafting the bone cement,the ISQ values significantly increased to 73.72±8.00 and 67.88±10.09 in the 2.5-mm and5.0-mm defect groups, respectively (P<0.05 and P<0.001). The ISQ value increased tomore than double that before grafting in the circumferential 5-mm defect group. The ISQvalues did not significantly differ when measured in any of the four directions. Conclusions: The use of bone cement remarkably increased the stability of the implantthat otherwise had an insufficient level of stability at placement, which was caused by insufficientcortical bone volume.
Abstract
Purpose: Implant beds with an insufficient amount of cortical bone or a loss of corticalbone can result in the initial instability of a dental implant. Thus, the objective of this studywas to evaluate the effect of bone cement grafting on implant initial stability in areas withinsufficient cortical bone. Methods: Two different circumferential defect depths (2.5 mm and 5 mm) and a control(no defect) were prepared in six bovine rib bones. Fourteen implants of the same type andsize (4 mm×10 mm) were placed in each group. The thickness of the cortical bone wasmeasured for each defect. After the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were measuredthree times in four different directions, bone cement was grafted to increase the primarystability of the otherwise unstable implant. After grafting, the ISQ values were measuredagain. Results: As defect depth increased, the ISQ value decreased. In the controls, the ISQ valuewas 85.45±3.36 (mean±standard deviation). In circumferential 2.5-mm and 5-mm defectgroups, the ISQ values were 69.42±7.06 and 57.43±6.87, respectively, before grafting. These three values were significantly different (P<0.001). After grafting the bone cement,the ISQ values significantly increased to 73.72±8.00 and 67.88±10.09 in the 2.5-mm and5.0-mm defect groups, respectively (P<0.05 and P<0.001). The ISQ value increased tomore than double that before grafting in the circumferential 5-mm defect group. The ISQvalues did not significantly differ when measured in any of the four directions. Conclusions: The use of bone cement remarkably increased the stability of the implantthat otherwise had an insufficient level of stability at placement, which was caused by insufficientcortical bone volume.
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