본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

사회 속 과학 쟁점에 대한 소집단 논변 상호작용 분석을 위한 방법론 고찰

Theoretical Considerations on Analytical Framework Design for the Interactions between Participants in Group Argumentation on Socio-Scientific Issues

1

조회

0

다운로드

10

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 한 학기 동안 비과학 전공 대학생들의 사회 속 과학 쟁점에 대한 일련의 소집단 논변을 참여자상호작용을 중심으로 설명하는 분석틀 마련을 위한연구이다. 분석틀 마련을 위하여 소집단 논변이 진행되는 상황의 특성 및 논변과 사회적 상호작용 분석을위한 방법들을 고찰하였다. 연구 상황과 관련하여 논변의 제재가 사회 속 과학 쟁점이며, 참여자들의 논변경험이 제한되었음을 고려하였다. 따라서 소집단 논변을 통해 관련된 다양한 입장과 견해를 고려했는지,그리고 참여자의 상호작용 역할 및 일련의 논변을 통한 변화와 발달을 제시할 수 있는 분석틀을 고안하고자 하였다. 기존 분석 방법들 중 과학교육에서 논변의분석에 가장 빈번히 사용된 Toulmin이 제시한 논변의 구조를 고찰하고, 어떻게 변형되어 다른 연구에 이용되었는지 살펴보았다. 또한 상호작용의 기능과 전략을 설명한 연구들을 토대로 하여 각 발화의 기능을구분하였다. 이러한 문헌 연구를 바탕으로 분석틀을마련하였는데, 상호작용 역할과 절 내에서의 기능, 논변 수준에 기여하는 발화를 나타내는 것으로 각 발화를 15개 종류로 구분하여 제시하였다. 도입에 해당하는‘시작’,‘ 사담’, 응답에 해당하는‘단정지음’,‘ 응답’,‘ 반복’,‘ 약간부연’,‘ 다른면’,‘ 종합’,‘ 정교화’,‘반박정교화’, 그리고 반응에 해당하는‘단순응대’,‘핀잔’,‘ 확인’,‘ 회의’,‘ 설명요청’으로 구분하고, 이전의 발화에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 분석하고 종합한‘향상발화’와 그렇지 않은‘단순발화’로 수준을 구분하였다. 고안한 분석틀로‘에이즈 치료약 개발비와 약소국의 특허권 불인정 주장’쟁점에 대한 소집단 논변분석 사례를 제시하였다. 분석 결과 고안한 분석틀은소집단 논변 동안 참여자들이 다양한 견해를 인식하고 관련 과학 지식을 고려했는지를 드러내는데 적절하였다. 또한 소집단 논변 동안 각 참여자의 역할 및참여자들의 상호작용과 논변의 수준을 관련지어 나타낼 수 있었다. 고안한 분석틀은 정성적인 분석뿐만 아니라 정량적인 분석을 가능하게 함으로서 소집단 구성원들의 상호작용 양상 및 두 소집단의 논변 양상에대한 비교를 가능하게 하였다.

Abstract

This study aims to design a framework for analyzing group argumentation in terms of participants'interaction. Regarding the current group argumentation setting as argumentation on socio-scientific issues within participants who have had limited experience on group argumentation, the analytical framework was designed to explain (1) what was each participant's role on group argumentation, (2) how these roles were changed within each time of argumentation, and (3) how the patterns of interaction were changed through seven times of a series of argumentation on socio-scientific issues. Based on the literature review on analytical framework of argumentation in science education including the works on the structure of argumentation, the discourse formation through interaction,and the linguistic approach on participants' interaction, the current research framework was built. Showing the results of applying the designed framework on group argumentation as an example, strength of using the current designed framework was discussed.

참고문헌 (79)

  1. 김희경, "학생의 논변활동을 강조한 개방적 과학탐구활동 모형의 탐색", 한국과학교육학회지, 24(6), pp.1216~1234 (2004), 한국과학교육학회
  2. 도승이, "교실토론상황에서 학생의 감정, 인지, 행동의 상호작용: 근거이론 분석법을 통한 모델을 중심으로", 교육심리연구, 19(1), pp.17~40 (2005), 한국교육심리학회
  3. 박인옥, "생명윤리와 생명윤리교육에 대한 초등학교 교사의 인식 조사", 한국초등과학교육학회지, 24(5), pp.571~582 (2005)
  4. 박인옥, "생명윤리와 생명윤리교육에 대한 중·고등학교 교사의 인식 조사", 생물교육, 33(4), pp.491~504 (2005), 한국생물교육학회
  5. 박지영, "초등 예비교사의 사회 속의 과학 쟁점에 대한 논변에서 나타나는 소집단 상호작용 분석", 생물교육, 39(4), pp.653~673 (2011), 한국생물교육학회
  6. 박지영, "교과서에 제시된 생명윤리교육 실태 - ‘국어’, ‘도덕’, ‘사회’, ‘과학’, ‘기술·가정’ 교과를 중심으로 -", 교육과정평가연구, 8(2), pp.151~174 (2005), 한국교육과정평가원
  7. 위수민, "학생 특성에 따른 소그룹 논증 수준 분석", 과학교육연구지, 33(1), pp.1~11 (2009), 과학교육연구소
  8. 이현주, "과학과 관련된 윤리적·사회적 문제 도입 측면에서의 미국 주별 과학과 교육과정 및 중등 과학교사의 인식 탐색", 교육과정평가연구, 10(1), pp.189~209 (2007), 한국교육과정평가원
  9. 정희모, "글쓰기 교육과 협력학습" (2006), 삼일
  10. 조영달, "한국 중등학교 교실수업의 이해" (2001), 교육과학사
  11. Abd-El-Khalick., "Socioscientific issues in pre-college science classroom, In The role of moral reasoning on socioscientific issues in science education" (2003), Kluwer Academic Publishers
  12. Aikenhead, G. S., "Science education for everyday life" (2006), Teachers College Press
  13. Anderson, R. C., "The snowball phenomenon : Spread of ways of talking and ways of thinking across groups of children", Cognition and Instruction, 19(1), pp.1~46 (2001)
  14. Badreddine, Z., "Discursive Reconstruction of the Scientific Story in a Teaching Sequence", International Journal of Science Education, 33(6), pp.773~795 (2011)
  15. Bennett, J., "Talking science : The research evidence on the use of small group discussions in science teaching", International Journal of Science Education, 32(1), pp.69~95 (2010)
  16. Berkowitz, M. W., "Integrating science education and character education, In The role of moral reasoning on socioscientific issues and discourse in science education", pp.117~138 (2003), Kluwer Academic Publishers
  17. Berland, L. K., "A learning progression for scientific argumentation : Understanding student work and designing supportive instructional contexts", Science Education, 94(5), pp.765~793 (2010)
  18. Berland, L. K., "Classroom communities adaptations of the practice of scientific argumentation", Science Education, 95(2), pp.191~216 (2011)
  19. Campbell, B., "The communication of laboratory investigations by university entrants", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37(8), pp.839~853 (2000)
  20. Chang, S. N., "Lakatos' Scientific Research Programmes as a Framework for Analysing Informal Argumentation about Socioscientific Issues", International Journal of Science Education, 30(13), pp.1753~1773 (2008)
  21. Charmaz, K., "Grounded theory in the 21st century: A qualitative method for advancing social justice research, In Handbook of qualitative research", pp.507~535 (2005), Sage
  22. Crawford, B., "Elements of a community of learners in a middle-school science classroom", Science Education, 83, pp.701~723 (1999)
  23. Duschl, R. A., "Introduction to special issue : Science studies and science education", Science Education, 92(3), pp.385~388 (2008)
  24. Erduran, S., "Argumentation in science education: an overvie, In Argumentation in science education: Recent developments and future directions", pp.3~28 (2008), Springer
  25. Erduran, S., "Trends in Research on Argumentation", Content Analysis of Science Education Journals (2011)
  26. Erduran, S., "TAPping into argumentation : developments in the application of Toulmin's argument pattern for studying science discourse", Science Education, 99, pp.915~933 (2004)
  27. Felton, M., "The development of discourse strategies in adolescent argumentation", Cognitive Development, 19, pp.35~52 (2004)
  28. Felton, M., "The development of argumentive discourse skills", Discourse Processes, 32, pp.135~153 (2001)
  29. Gee, J. P., "An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method" (2005), Routledge
  30. Ha, E., "Patterns of linguistic communication in teaching and learning science: a case study of Korean middle school science classes", International Journal of Science Education, 31(2), pp.173~192 (2009)
  31. Halverson, K. L., "Lenses for framing decisions : Undergraduates' decision making about stem cell research", International Journal of Science Education, 31, pp.1249~1268 (2009)
  32. Hogan, K., "Thinking aloud together : A test of an intervention to foster students' collaborative scientific reasoning", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 36(10), pp.1085~1109 (1999)
  33. Holbrook, J., "Nature of science education for enhancing scientific literacy", International Journal of science education, 29(11), pp.1347~1362 (2007)
  34. Hurd, P. D., "Scientific literacy : New minds for a changing world", Science Education, 82, pp.407~416 (1998)
  35. Jimenez-Aleixandre, M. P., ""Doing the lesson"or"doing science" : Argument in high school genetics", Science Education, 84(6), pp.757~792 (2000)
  36. Kim, I. -H., "Discourse patterns in children's collaborative online discussions", Journal of the Learning Sciences, 16, pp.333~370 (2007)
  37. Kuhn, D., "The development of argument skills", Child Development, 74(5), pp.1245~1260 (2003)
  38. Lakatos, I., "Anomalies versus 'crucial experiments.', In Imre Lakatos: Philosophical papers. vol. II: Mathematics, science and epistemology", pp.211~223 (1978), Cambridge University Press
  39. Layton, D., "Inarticulate Science Perspectives on the Public Understanding of Science and Some Implications for Science Education" (1993), Studies in Education
  40. Lemke, J. L., "Talking science: Language, learning, and values" (1990), Ablex
  41. Levinson, R., "Towards a theoretical framework for teaching controversial socio-scientific issues", International Journal of Science Education, 28(10), pp.1201~1224 (2006)
  42. Maloney, J., "Mapping children's discussions of evidence in science to assess collaboration and argumentation", International Journal of Science Education, 28(15), pp.1817~1841 (2006)
  43. McNeill, K. L, "Teachers' use of curriculum to support students in writing scientific arguments to explain phenomena", Science Education, 93(2), pp.233~268 (2009)
  44. McNeill, K. L., "Synergy Between Teacher Practices and Curricular Scaffolds to Support Students in Using Domain-Specific and Domain-General Knowledge in Writing Arguments to Explain Phenomena", JOURNAL OF THE LEARNING SCIENCES, 18(3), pp.416~460 (2009), ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS
  45. McNeill, K. L., "Scientific discourse in three urban classrooms : The role of the teacher in engaging high school students in argumentation", Science Education, 94(2), pp.203~229 (2010)
  46. Mehan, H., "Learning lessons: Social organization in the classroom" (1979), Harvard University Press
  47. Mercer, N., "The Seeds of Time : Why Classroom Dialogue Needs a Temporal Analysis", Journal of the Learning Sciences, 17(1), pp.33~59 (2008)
  48. Mortimer, E. F., "Meaning Making in Secondary Science Classroom" (2003), Open university Press
  49. Norris, S. P., "How literacy in its fundamental sense is central to scientific literacy", Science Education, 87, pp.224~240 (2003)
  50. Nussbaum, E. M., "Critical questions and argument stratagems: A framework for enhancing and analyzing students reasoning practices", The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 20(3), pp.443~488 (2011)
  51. Nussbaum, E. M., "Promoting argument-counterargument integration in students' writing", Journal of Experimental Education, 76, pp.59~92 (2007)
  52. Oliveira, A. W., "Interactive patterns and conceptual convergence during student collaborative in science", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(5), pp.634~658 (2008)
  53. Osborne, J., "Enhancing the quality of argumentation in school science", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 41(10), pp.994~1020 (2004)
  54. "The creation of theory: A recent application of the grounded theory method. The Qualitative Report, 2(4)" (1996)[URL]
  55. Patton, M. Q., "Qualitative research & evaluation methods" (2002), Sage Publications
  56. science literacy, In Handbook of research on science education, "Scientific literacy", pp.2007, Roberts, D. A.
  57. Report on argumentation and teacher education in Europe, "S-TEAM(Science Teacher Education Advanced Methods)", Trondheim, S-TEAM, 2010
  58. Sadler, T., "Informal reasoning regarding socio scientific issues : A critical review of research", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 41(5), pp.513~536 (2004)
  59. Sadler, T. D., "What do students gain by engaging in socioscientific inquiry", Research in Science Education, 37(4), pp.371~397 (2007)
  60. Sadler, T. D., "Socioscientific argumentation : The effects of content knowledge and morality", International Journal of Science Education, 28, pp.1463~1488 (2006)
  61. Sadler, T. D., "A threshold model of content knowledge transfer for socioscientific argumentation", Science Education, 90, pp.986~1004 (2006)
  62. Sadler, T. D., "The morality of socioscientific issues: Construal and resolution of genetic engineering dilemmas", Science Education, 88(1), pp.4~27 (2004)
  63. Sampson, V., "Assessment of the ways students generate arguments in science education : Current perspectives and recommendations for future directions", Science Education, 92(3), pp.447~472 (2008)
  64. Scott, P. H., "The tension between authoritative and dialogic discourse : A fundamental characteristic of meaning making interactions in high school science lessons", Science Education, 90(4), pp.605~631 (2006)
  65. Simon, S., "Learning to teach argumentation : Research and development in the science classroom", International Journal of Science Education, 27(14), pp.137~162 (2006)
  66. Simon, S., "Professional learning portfolios for argumentation in school science", International Journal of Science Education, 30(5), pp.669~688 (2008)
  67. Simonneaux, L., "Argumentation in socio-scientific contexts, In Argumentation in science education: Perspectives from classroom-based research", pp.179~199 (2008), Springer
  68. Soong, B., "Improving Students' Revision of Physics Concepts through ICT. Based Co-construction and Prescriptive Tutoring", International Journal of Science Education, 33(8), pp.1055~1078 (2011)
  69. Tao, P., "Eliciting and developing junior secondary students' understanding of the nature of science through a peer collaboration instruction in science stories", International Journal of Science Education, 25(2), pp.147~171 (2003)
  70. Toulmin, S. E., "The Uses of Argument" (1958), University Press
  71. Toulmin, S. E., "The Uses of Argument" (2003), Cambridge University Press
  72. Varelas, M., "Exploring the role of intertextuality in concept construction : urban second graders make sense of evaporation, boiling, and condensation", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 43(7), pp.637~666 (2006)
  73. von Aufschnaiter, C., "Arguing to learn and learning to argue : Case studies of how students' argumentation relates to their scientific knowledge", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(1), pp.101~131 (2008)
  74. van Eemeren, F. H., "A Systematic Theory of Argumentation: The Pragma-Dialectical Approach" (2004), Cambridge University Press
  75. Waggoner, C. A., "Collaborative Reasoning about stories", Language Arts, 72, pp.582~589 (1995)
  76. Walton, D., "Examination dialogue : an argumentation framework for critically questioning an expert opinion", Journal of Pragmatics, 38, pp.745~777 (2006)
  77. Yerrick, R. K., "Lower track science students' argumentation and open inquiry instruction", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 37, pp.807~838 (2000)
  78. Zembal-Saul, C., "Learning to teach elementary school science as argument", Science Education, 93, pp.687~719 (2009)
  79. Zohar, A., "Fostering students' knowledge and argumentation skills through dilemmas in human genetics", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 39(1), pp.35~62 (2002)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (14건)