과학교과에서의 핵심역량에 대한 세계의 동향에 준거하여 우리나라 현장 교사들의 인식 연구
Study on Korean Science Teachers’ Perception in Accordance with the Trends of Core Competencies in Science Education Worldwide
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초록
이 연구의 목적은 영국, 호주, 뉴질랜드, 캐나다 온타리오주, 싱가포르 및 우리나라의 과학교과 핵심역량에 대한 동향을 조사하여 과학교육을 통해 기를 수 있는 핵심역량이 무엇인가을 알아보는 것이었다. 또한, 현장 과학교사들이 핵심역량 기반의 과학수업에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있는지를 탐색하고, 특히 최근 핵심역량 기반의 과학교육과정을 접한 경기도 지역 교사들이 어떻게 인식하고 있는지를 알아보는 것이었다. 외국의 역량 기반 과학과 교육과정을 탐색하기 위해 각종 문헌연구를 실시하였으며, 현장 과학교사들의 인식 조사를 위해, 135명의 초·중·고등학교 교사들에게 설문을 실시하였다. 외국의 역량 기반 과학과 교육과정 탐색 결과, 각 국가들의 공통적인 특징으로 ‘범교과 역량과의 연계’, ‘과학 내용과 과학 활동의 결합’, ‘의사소통 능력 중시’, ‘역량별 성취 수준 제시’ 등이 나타났다. 또한, 각국에서 강조하는 과학과 핵심역량으로는, ‘비판적 사고력’, ‘창의적 사고력’, ‘문제해결력’, ‘탐구능력’, ‘의사소통능력’, ‘문화적 이해력’, ‘학문간 통합능력’, ‘적용능력’, ‘개인적 역량과 사회적 역량’이 있었다. 현장 과학 교사들은 현재 핵심역량에 대한 인지정도 및 과학수업에서의 실행 정도는 보통으로 생각하고 있었으나, 가르쳐야 한다는 움직임과 가르칠 의사에는 긍정적인 인식을 보임으로써, 필요성에 대해서는 공감하고 있었다. 중요한 핵심역량으로는, 초·중·고 세 학교급 모두에서 ‘창의적 사고력’, ‘문제 해결력’, ‘탐구 능력’을 꼽았으며, 교육 요구도가 가장 높은 역량은 ‘창의적 사고력’이었다. 경기도 지역의 교사들이 다른 일반지역의 교사들보다 핵심역량에 대한 인지정도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 핵심역량 기반의 과학 수업이 과학적 태도와 의사소통 능력 형성에 큰 도움이 된다고 보았다. 그러나 수업 운영 방법에 익숙하지 않은 점, 많은 수업 준비시간 등을 어려운 점으로 꼽았다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the characteristics of National Science Curricula in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Singapore, and Korea with respect to core competencies. In the case of overseas countries, literature review on their curricula was conducted, and four common features were extracted: 'association of cross-curricular competencies with science-specific competencies,’ ‘a combination of science contents and scientific practices,’ ‘an emphasis on communication skills,’ and ‘representation of an achievement level of competency.’ In addition, the common core competencies of science education were ‘critical thinking,’ ‘creative thinking,’ ‘problem solving,’ ‘inquiry skills,’ ‘communication skills,’ ‘cultural literacy,’ ‘ability to integrate discipline,’ ‘application skills,’ and ‘personal/social competency.’ In relation to these features, this study also investigated Korean science teachers’ perceptions of core competencies in science education. A survey was conducted on 135 teachers in elementary, middle, and high school in Korea. Teachers were not well aware of what core competencies are, and after introduction, they thought that they wanted to and needed to teach core competencies to their students. Teachers claimed that critical core competencies in science education are ‘creative thinking,’ ‘problem solving,’ and ‘inquiry skills.’ Teachers thought that core competencies-based science class would help develop students’ scientific literacy and communication skills. However, they have difficulties in conducting core competencies-based science class because they are not familiar with how to conduct the class and they expect that it will take a long time to prepare such a class.
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