조선시대 敎書의 淵源과 分類

Abstract

Gyoseo(敎書) was the most authoritative document addressing the will of a king through a public system in Joseon. Not an original invention from Korea, the institutionalization of gyoseo was influenced by China. Basically, Tang Dynasty’s wangyan(王言) and Song Dynasty’s mingling(命令) gave influence to the documental institution of Goryeo, and specifically, Tang’s lunshichishu(論事勅書), later becoming zhaoshu(詔書) in Song, was introduced and edited to become gyoseo in Goryeo. Later gyoseo went through several more changes in details due to Yuan’s intervention of Goryeo’s internal affairs and the influence of Ming’s documental institution, which finally established the form of gyoseo in Joseon Dynasty. Gyoseo in Joseon can be catagorized into several genres such as Samyeonghunyu-gyoseo(使命訓諭敎書),Gongsin-gyoseo(功臣敎書), Jongmyobaehyang-gyoseo(宗廟配享敎書), Munmyojongsa-gyoseo(文廟從祀敎書), Chisa-gyoseo(致仕敎書), Sangga-gyoseo(賞加敎書). Samyeonghunyu-gyoseo was issed to newly appointed local administrators like provincial magistrates(Gwanchalsa, Yusu), requesting them of good governance of the area concerned. Gongsin-gyoseo was issued to a vassal of merit, rewarding for the specific meritorious event. Jongmyobaehyang-gyoseo was issued for the vassal of merit whose spiritual tablet(Sinju) made acceptance into Royal Ancestral Shrine(Jongmyo) along with that of King’s. Munmyojongsa-gyoseo was issued to renowned scholars who attained the qualification of being sacrificed to in National Confucian Shrine(Munmyo). Chisa-gyoseo was issued to retiring administrators due to age. Sangga-gyoseo was issued to raise administrative grade of danghagwan to dangsangwan who had meritorious contribution, or to raise more than two administrative grades of a military official. Here, every gyoseo was issued at special occasaions, except for Samyeonghunyu-gyoseo which was regularly issued when a local magistrate was appointed.