고려후기와 조선초기의 인사 문서 연구

Abstract

This study states the process of changes for the personnel document from the latter period of Goryeo to the early period of Joseon. Before establishing the stable document administration of the Gyeonggukdaejeon(『經國大典』) system, the early period of Joseon had the document administration system based on Hongmuyeoje(『洪武禮制』). Looking into the presently available official document, there were a number of changes in the document administration of the time, and in particular, there were more changes in the style of the personnel document compared with the other document with the confronting powers of the royal sovereignty and the religious sovereignty. In the latter period of Goryeo, the documents that went through Seogyeong(署經；regular procedures of the bureaucracy) were issued as the personnel documents. After the establishment of Joseon, in order to strengthen the regal power of the king with respect to the personnel matters, the personnel document excluding Seogyeong was issued to a certain rank and the ranks below that rank was issued with the same document as the document under the Goryeo Era. As Joseon was established and its regal power in stable period, the Gyeonggukdaejeon system was established, and the personnel document that goes through Seogyeong was finalized with Opumehagoshin(五品以下告身). Finalization of Opumehagoshin has two important implications: first was to simplify the style of the complicated personnel document to maximize the administrative efficiency, and second, Seogyeong of Daegan(臺諫) that had been available prior to issue the personnel document was changed after the issuance of the personnel document. This implies the substantial reduction of the authorities of the chief officials on the personnel issues. From the latter period of Goryeo, the personnel document of the early period of Joseon was closely related to Seogyeong. Kings of Joseon wanted to strengthen the authority of the kingship, and as a result, the Seogyeong authority of the chief officials was degraded to certain position or below to secure the decision power of the kings on personnel right. In this process, there were many changes in official document style, and ultimately, the document forms were finalized in Gyeonggukdaejeon.