한국 노인의 간식 섭취 패턴과 영양학적 의의: 2013-2014년도 국민건강영양조사를 중심으로
Snack Consumption Patterns and ItsNutritional Significance in Korean Elderly Population: from the 2013-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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연구배경: 본 연구는 60세 이상 한국인 노인을 대상으로간식 섭취 패턴과 간식 섭취와 관련된 요인을 평가하여 간식이 가진 영양학적 의미를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법:2013-2014년도에 시행된 제6기 국민건강영양조사를 기반으로 식사 및 간식 섭취는 24시간 회상법을 사용한식품섭취조사 자료를 사용하였고, 한국인 영양섭취기준을기준으로 영양소 섭취의 적절성을 평가하였다. 일일 200 kcal 이상 간식 섭취군을 의미 있는 간식 섭취로 정의하고, 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 간식 섭취와 관련된요인을 평가하였다. 결과: 한국인 노인 남성에서 간식으로 들어오는 총 에너지 섭취량은 333.6±11.1 kcal, 여성에서는 271.7±7.4 kcal였다. 남녀 모두에서 나트륨을 제외한 모든 영양소에서 식사에 간식 섭취가 더해지면서 영양소의 섭취 적절성이 높아졌다. 에너지 섭취 기여도를 기준으로 할 때, 한국인 노인남성이 주로 섭취하는 간식은 음료 및 주류(87.9±5.2 kcal), 곡류(67.0±5.4 kcal), 과일류(27.5±2.4 kcal)였으며, 여성에서는 곡류(67.7±4.4 kcal), 과일류(65.4±2.8 kcal), 유류(유제품) (33.5±1.9 kcal)였다. 하루 200 kcal 이상의 간식 섭취와 양의 관련성을 보인 요인은 연령(남성, 여성), 무직(남성), 만성 질환(여성)이었으며, 배우자와 동거(남성), 주당 2회 이상 음주(남성), 유산소 운동의 실천(여성)은 음의 관련성을보였다. 결론: 한국인 60세 이상 노인에서 간식 섭취는 영양 섭취의 적절성을 높이는 데 기여하였지만, 간식의 종류는 곡류와 과일에 편중되어 있어 개선이 필요하다.
Abstract
Background:This study aims to evaluate the importance of snacks to a balanced diet by assessing snack consumption patterns and factors associated with eating snacks of Korean elders of 60 years or more. Methods:This analysis is based on participants from the 2013-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Meal or snack consumption was based on a 24 hours recall data, and the adequacy of each nutrient intake was based on the Dietary Reference Intakes by the Korea Nutrition Society. The cutoff for snack consumption valued as meaningful was more than 200 kcal/day of snack energy intake. Results:Korean male elders of age 60 years or more are consuming 333.6±11.1 kcal of snack and 271.7±7.4 kcal for females. When consumed together with meals, snack consumption increased the adequacy of all nutrients intake, except sodium. Based on energy contribution, male Korean elders are consuming snack food group in order of beverage and alcohols, grains, and fruits, while for females the order was grains, fruits, and dairy. Older age (men and women), joblessness (men), and chronic disease (women) were positively associated with having snack of 200 kcal or more per day, whereas ‘living with a partner (men)’, alcohol intake frequency of more than twice per week (men), and ‘doing regular aerobic physical activity (women)’ showed negative association. Conclusions:Snack consumption of Korean elders contributed to more adequate nutritional status, but improvement of food groups is needed because they were mainly concentrated on grains. Korean J Health Promot 2017;17(2):80-90
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