휠체어 트레드밀 최대운동부하검사 시 운동부하방법에 따른 생리적 반응 비교
Comparison of the wheelchair users' Physiological Responses at Maximal Graded Exercise Test to the Protocol Types
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본 연구의 목적은 트레드밀에서 전신운동과 휠체어운동 시 운동부하방법에 따른 생리적 반응을 비교 분석하여 휠체어 트레드밀 최대운동부하검사에 적합한 운동부하방법을 알아보는데 있다. 피험자는 특수체육을 전공하며 최소한 6개월 이상 휠체어 농구 훈련을 실시한 남학생들로 휠체어 조작에 있어서 문제가 없는 13명의 대학생이었다. 측정 전 피험자들에게 실험 목적과 충분한 교육을 실시하였으며 pilot test를 포함하여 총 77회의 실험을 무순위로 배정하였으며, 운동부하방법을 선택하기 위하여 트레드밀에서 휠체어를 사용하여 5가지 운동부하방법(protocol)으로 pilot test를 실시하여 최대산소섭취량, 최대환기량, 혈중젖산농도의 값이 높은 3가지 (KISS, Balke-Ware, Ramp) 운동부하방법을 선택하였으며, 그 중 최대산소섭취량 값이 제일 높은 운동부하방법을 전신운동 운동부하방법으로 선택하였다. 준거측정으로 실행한 전신운동 값과 휠체어운동을 실행하여 나타난 최대산소섭취량, 최대환기량, 최대심박수, 운동지속시간, 혈중젖산농도 값을 비교 분석하였다. 운동부하방법에 따른 생리적 변인 차이를 검증하기 위해 one-way RM(4) ANOVA를 사용하였고, 차이가 있을 경우 대비검증(contrast)을 실시하였으며, Bland-Altman 분석을 이용하였으며, 통계적 유의수준은 α=.05로 설정하였다. 연구에 따른 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전신운동의 최대산소섭취량, 최대환기량, 최대심박수, 운동지속시간, 혈중젖산농도는 휠체어운동보다 높게 나타났으며, 전신운동과 비교했을 때 경사도를 고정하고 속도를 일정하게 증가시키는 운동부하방법에서 가장 높은 상관이 나타났다. 둘째, 휠체어 트레드밀 운동부하방법 중 속도를 고정하고 경사도를 일정하게 증가시키는 운동부하방법에서 가장 높은 최대산소섭취량과 최대환기량 그리고 혈중젖산농도가 나타났고, 경사도를 고정하고 속도를 일정하게 증가시키는 운동부하방법에서 가장 높은 최대 심박수와 가장 긴 운동지속시간이 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 휠체어 트레드밀 최대운동부하검사에 적합한 운동부하방법은 경사도를 일정하게 고정하고 속도를 증가시키는 운동부하방법이라는 것을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the wheechair users' physiological responses according to the protocol types of the maximal graded exercise using the treadmill and to find out the suitable protocol of the maximal exercise load test for the wheelchair users. The subjects were 13 male college students majoring in adapted physical education and they were trained in wheelchair basketball over 6 months and had no difficulties in manipulating a wheelchair. Before measuring, the subjects were educated about the purpose of the experiment and each protocol, and the experiment was repeated 77 times including pilot tests. Physiological variables such as Ⅴ O2 max, Ⅴ Emax, and duration of exercise were measured using a respiratory gas analysis system and HRmax was measured with ECG. Blood lactate was analyzed before exercise, just after exercise (allout), and 2 minutes (R2), 4 (R4) and 6 (R6) of recovery. The subject's blood sample was collected from the fingertip using a bloodletting needle. In order to test differences in physiological variables according to protocol, one‐way RM(4) ANOVA was used, and contrast test was conducted in case of observed differences. In addition, Pearson's correlation analysis and Bland-Altman analysis were used. In all statistical analyses, significance was accepted if α=.05. Conclusions drawn from this study were as follows: First, the higher values of ⅤO2max, ⅤEmax, HRmax, duration of exercise, and blood lactate concentration (allout) were shown in whole body exercise compared to the values in the wheelchair exercise. Comparing to the whole body exercise, the protocol fixing gradient and changing speed regularly resulted in the highest correlation. Second, the highest values of ⅤO2max, Ⅴmax and blood lactate concentration were shown in the method fixing speed and increasing gradient at a constant rate which was one of the protocols, however, the highest HRmax and the longest duration of exercise was revealed in the method fixing gradient and changing speed at a constant rate. In conclusion, the protocol to be appropriate and fitted to the maximal graded exercise test on the wheelchair treadmill was suggested as the method of fixing gradient and changing speed.
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