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메시지 프레이밍과 제품 유형 및 시간적 거리감이 소비자 태도에 미치는 영향

Effects of Message Framing, Product Type, and Temporal Distance on Consumer Attitude

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초록

본 연구의 목적은 일반적 소비재에서 메시지 프레이밍의 방향성이 소비자 태도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 즉 메시지를 소비자가 제품 구매 시 얻을 수 있는 이익의 영역 또는 비 구매 시 발생되는 손실의 영역으로 제시하는 메시지 방향성이 소비자 태도에 차별적 영향을 주는지 조사하고자 한다. 과거 연구에서 사용되지 않은 제품 유형(신제품/기존제품)과 시간적 거리감(가까운 미래/먼 미래)을 메시지 방향성의 조절변수로 도입하여 주 효과와 함께 상호작용 효과를 조사하고자 한다. 본 연구는 실험을 통해 메시지 방향성(긍정형/부정형)과 제품 유형(신제품/기존제품) 및 시간적 거리감(가까운 미래/먼 미래)을 조작한다. 세 변수의 조합(2x2x2)에 의하여 8가지 실험 조건이 구성되며, 세 변수 모두 집단간 디자인으로 구성된다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소비자 태도에 영향을 미치는 주 효과 요인은 메시지 방향성이고, 메시지 방향성과 제품 유형의 상호작용, 메시지 방향성과 시간적 거리감의 상호작용 또한 유의적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기존제품의 경우 긍정적 메시지가 보다 우호적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면, 신제품의 경우 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 시간적 거리감에 있어서 먼 미래의 경우 긍정적 메시지가 보다 우호적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났지만, 가까운 미래의 경우 효과 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 넷째, 메시지 방향성과 제품 유형 및 시간적 거리감의 상호작용은 유의한 결과를 보이지 않았다. 이 연구의 결과가 마케터에게 제시하는 시사점은 일반적으로 긍정형 메시지 프레이밍을 사용하는 것이 안전하며, 특히 기존제품을 대상으로 메시지를 구성할 때와 현재 구매가 아니라 미래 구매를 고려하는 소비자군을 대상으로 할 때 그렇다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 강의실에서 수행된 실험을 통한 조사로서 외적 타당성의 제약이 있고, 효과 크기가 다소 작다는 점, 실험 제품으로 한 제품이 사용되었다는 점, 먼 미래로 1년 뒤라는 한 시점만 사용된 점 등 한계가 있다. 이러한 한계를 고려하여 향후 연구방향이 제시되었다.

Abstract

This study attempts to examine effects of message frame direction on consumer attitudes for general consumer products. More specifically the study examines if gains-based message and losses-based message have differential influences on consumer attitudes. Also, the study examines effects of product type(new vs existing product) and temporal distance(near future vs distant future) as moderating variables of message framing. The study manipulates message framing direction(positive vs negative direction), product type (new vs existing product) and temporal distance(near future vs distant future) in an experiment. All three factors are treated as between-subjects factors and eight experimental conditions are created by combining the three factors(2x2x2). Major findings of the study can be summarized as follows. First, main effect of message framing direction and interaction effects of message framing direction by product type and message framing direction by temporal distance are significant in influencing consumer attitudes. Second, a positive message framing as opposed to a negative framing had more favorable influence for an existing product, however no significant difference was found for a new product. Third, a positive message framing as opposed to a negative framing had more favorable influence for purchasing in the distant future, however no significant difference was found for purchasing in the near future. Finally, the three way interaction of message framing direction, product type and temporal distance is not significant on consumer attitudes. The results of this study implicate that in general marketers are recommended to use a positive framing, especially when developing communication messages for existing products and for consumers who will buy in the distant future. The study has some limitations including rather small effect sizes, use of only one product as an experimental stimulus, and use of only one year later as a distant future. Future research directions are suggested to deal with the limitations.

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