가격판촉 빈도에 의한 준거가격의 동태적 변화에 관한 연구
Modeling the Impact of Promotion Frequency on the Formation of Consumer Reference Price
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초록
가격 판촉은 고객 유치, 매출 증대, 재고 처리 등을 위해 다양한 업계에서 활용되고 있는 유용한 마케팅 수단이다. 하지만 가격 판촉의 빈도가 증가함에 따라 소비자의 준거가격이 하락하여 브랜드 선택이 감소하는 등의 장기적으로 부정적인 결과를 낳기도 한다. 이러한 문제점 때문에 준거가격에 관한 많은 연구가 진행되었음에도 불구하고 가격판촉 빈도와 준거가격의 변화에 대한 구체적인 설명을 제시하고 있는 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 가격판촉의 빈도에 따른 준거가격의 움직임을 포착함으로써, 가격판촉의 부작용을 최소화하면서도 그 이점을 극대화할 수 있는 최적의 가격판촉 빈도에 관한 지침을 제공할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 과거의 준거가격이 일정비율로 이월됨으로써 현재의 준거가격이 형성된다는 기존 연구의 가정을 탈피하여, 가격판촉의 빈도에 의해 조율되는 준거가격 모형을 새롭게 제시하고자 하였다. 가격판촉에 의한 준거가격의 동태적 변화를 설명하기 위하여 적응수준이론과 고정 및 조율(Anchoring and Adjustment)에 관한 이론을 적용하였다. 가격판촉의 빈도가 소비자의 고정 및 조율에 대한 휴리스틱 전략에 영향을 미치게 되고 그로 인해 가격에 대한 적응수준이 동태적으로 변화하게 된다는 것이다. 본 연구는 또한 소비자의 설문 또는 인터뷰 자료가 아닌 실제 매출 자료를 사용함으로써 브랜드선택모형의 설명력이 극대화되는 수준에서 결정되는 준거가격을 유추하였다. 이를 위하여 미국 IRI(Information Resources Inc.)에서 수집한 스캐너 패널 자료들 중 케첩과 요구르트 제품군의 매출 자료를 활용하였다. 본 연구에서는 가격판촉 빈도가 준거가격에 미치는 영향력을 함수모형으로 포착하여 소비자의 구매행동을 예측함으로써, 마케터들의 가격 판촉에 대한 의사결정에 도움을 주고자 하였다.
Abstract
Price promotion is deemed to be an effective marketing tool in increasing sales. While the effect of promotion on sales have been studied extensively, research on the impact of its frequency has been scarce. In spite of its positive direct effect on immediate sales, frequent price promotion activities of a brand may decrease the consumers’ reference price leading to a indirect decrease in longer term sales. This paper proposes a model that relates price promotion frequency with consumer reference price which in turn can be used to derive optimal deal frequency that balances the negative impact on reference price with the positive impact on immediate sales. Specifically, unlike past research that define reference price as a carryover of past reference price, current study models consumer reference price formation as a function of deal frequency. Adaptation-level theory and heuristic strategy theory were adopted to explain the dynamic changes of reference prices influenced by the price promotion frequency. This means that the price promotion frequency influences the consumer's heuristic strategy of ‘anchoring’ and ‘adjustment’. It is also notable that the model is estimated using actual purchase data, as opposed to survey data, to derive consumer reference price in a brand choice framework. The sales data used was IRI (Information Resources Inc.) scanner panel data on ketchup and yogurt categories. This research is intended to help practitioners make better promotion decisions by introducing a model of how the price promotion frequency impacts the customer's reference price formation which in turn dictates consumer purchase behavior.
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