여성 가구주 가계의 다차원 빈곤: 남성 가구주 가계와의 비교를 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare multidimensional poverty of female-headed households to that of male-headed households based on the counting approach which was theorized by Alkire and Foster to overcome the problems of unidimensional approach, union method and intersection method to address the multidimensional poverty. By applying the counting approach to 2015 Korea Welfare Panel Study, the headcount ratio, average deprivation score and adjusted headcount ratio were measured to identify multidimensional poverty. First, the correlations between dimensions were statistically significant. The result showed that the correlations between monetary dimension and non-monetary dimension were relatively low. Correlation coefficient between money and employment was .344; correlation between employment and social security was .296; correlation between money and health .230. In addition, with regard to correlations between money and other dimensions were .108 for housing, .093 for human relations, and .145 for social security, which showed correlations between monetary dimension and non-monetary dimensions were relatively low. Second, female-headed households showed similar poverty pattern to male-headed households. The poverty rates of money and employment were high for both groups of male-headed and female-headed household. On the other hand, the poverty rates of housing, human relations and social security were relatively low; the rates of these dimensions were lower than 20%. However, the poverty rates of all dimensions were higher for the group of female-headed households than male-headed households, which shows that female-headed households are more likely to have experience of poverty. Third, according to the headcount ratio (H), the average deprivation score (A), the adjusted headcount ratio (M) based on the counting approach, female-headed households were more likely to experience multidimensional poverty than male-headed households. The headcount ratio of male-headed households with experience of three or more poverty dimensions were 10.0%; the ratio of female-headed households with three or more dimensions of poverty were 40.4%. This result shows that female-headed households are more likely to have experience of multidimensional poverty, which aggravates female-headed household’s poverty experience. When comparing female- and male-headed households’ adjusted headcount ratio, female-headed households’ ratio was 24.523 which is much higher than male-headed households’ ratio, 3.012. As a result, female-headed households are more likely to experience not only monetary poverty but also non-monetary poverty with multidimensional poverty experience than male-headed households. Moreover, female-headed households’ adjusted headcount ratio which reflects the intensity of poverty based on the average deprivation score was much higher than male-headed households, which shows female-headed households may experience more difficulties in overcoming poverty than male-headed households.