건국 초 지식인 상황에 대한 소고

Abstract

This paper is to study on the Party's policy towards intellectuals and the intellectuals' responses of that from the beginning of the foundation to the Anti-Rightist Campaign. For it, this paper firstly is to research into the development process of the Party's policy towards intellectuals, and then is to research into what is the logic of thought reform, and lastly is to research into how the intellectuals responded to the Party's policy. The Party's policy towards intellectuals is supposed to be divided into three periods- the period of Ideological remolding movement, the period of Campaign against academic ideology and the movement for suppressing counter-revolutionaries, the period of the “two hundreds” and the “airing of views” policy. The ideological ground of thought reform is Mao Zedong's thought in the Yan-an days. He asserted that theory should be integrated with practice. The Party encouraged the intellectuals to begin with patriotic ideology and to aim to get proletarian ideology, that is the process of thought reform. The logic such as that is due to the Chinese special social structure that have low rate of workers' population. Actually, thought reform is to force the intellectuals to accept the Mao Zedong's thought and deny individualism and liberalism that the intellectuals widely shared in that time. Why did the intellectuals accept the thought reform of CCP? I think it is because they had understanded the position of people through contact with them and then they denied their past experiences and accepted theories of class. But the theories of class they had accepted were vulgarly applicated to various problems and the intellectuals at last no longer could have been intellectuals. It was the period of the “two hundred” and the “airing of views” policy that the intellectuals claimed their opinions of the communism in China. Above all, they intensively insisted the problems of relations of party and intellectuals, that is substantially the problem of academic freedom. Besides, they insist that Marxism is not the only correct theory and so the bourgoisie theory should be allowed to study and educate, the talks at the Yan'an forum of literature and art has significance only in the specific time. That was the challenge to two kinds of ideological authority. Furthermore, they insist the value of democracy and the rule of law in socialism. Since the period of reform and open, some of these issues have accepted by the Party and some of them have been instantly the social issues in thinking and academic fields.