경쟁법에서의 착취남용에 관한 연구 - 비교법적 방법을 중심으로 -
Competition Law of Exploitative Abuse - The MEO Case in the EU and Implications for Korea -
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경쟁법에서의 시장지배적 지위의 남용 금지는 일반적으로 배제남용과 착취남용의 금지를 포함한다. 배제남용은 거래거절, 끼워팔기, 리베이트와 같이 시장지배적 지위의 사업자가 시장에서의 다른 사업자를 배제하는 활동을 포함하는 반면, 착취남용은 부당염매(혹은 약탈적 가격)를 제외한 가격남용을 중심으로 가격차별과 같이 차별하는 내용의 시장지배적 지위의 사업자의 행위를 말한다. 특히 가격남용과 차별내용을 포함하는 착취남용 관련 법리는 유럽연합을 중심으로 발전하고 있다. 2018년 4월에는 가격차별과 관련하여 유럽법원의 MEO판결이 있었는데, 법원은 단순한 경쟁적 불이익을 주는 것이 경쟁을 왜곡하는 것은 아니라고 판시하였다. 유럽법원은 MEO판결에서 2017년 인텔판결을 인용하여, 유럽에서는 배제남용 뿐만 아니라 착취남용에서도 경제 분석이 필요한 것으로 보고 있다. MEO판결은 우리나라를 포함하여 유럽경쟁법을 참고하고 있는 아시아 경쟁법에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 따라서 이 논문은 경쟁법에서의 착취남용 일반을 포함하여, 유럽경쟁법의 판례 발전을 중심으로 비교법적 방법으로 착취남용에 대한 최근 논의에 대해서 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다.
Abstract
Competition rules on abuses of a market-dominant position usually prohibit both exclusionary and exploitative abuses. In particular, exploitative abuses widely include business conducts of pricing abuses like excessive pricing and price discrimination, except predatory pricing. Most competition regimes, such as of Korea, the EU, and the US, are concerned about exclusionary abuses. Therefore, there is no doubt that the legal techniques and theories of exploitative abuses have developed in the EU. However, it is also true that the number of exploitative abuses is not noteworthy because the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has established a significant burden of proof regarding exploitative abuses, especially in excessive pricing. In particular, the CJEU issued a landmark judgment on MEO in April 2018, and many believe that this case will influence the case law development across the border. The MEO Court held that a mere practice of imposing a competitive disadvantage does not conclude distortion of competition. This appears that it is necessary to consider economic analyses in the assessments of Article 102 TFEU cases of both exclusionary and exploitative abuses. The European more-effects-based approaches may affect the competition regimes in the developing world including Korea.
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