중국 근현대 교과서 심사제도의 변천 — 국어 교과서를 중심으로

Abstract

This paper considers the transformation of China's modern and contemporary Chinese textbook review system. The purpose of the research is to consider the development of China's screening system and Chinese textbooks under the system since the beginning of modern education. The beginning of modern education in China was led by the private sector at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Intellectuals, businessmen, and bureaucrats, who realized the need for modern education, set up their own modern academies and compiled textbooks to educate students. Thus, the first textbooks were free-issued by schools and private publishers. The Qing government hoped for a textbook national system, but the national power was not supported. Therefore, while the qualification system gained the upper hand, the national system and the qualification system were combined. After the Xinhai Revolution, the contents of Chinese textbooks changed from monarchy to republican. However, the textbook screening system was similar to the late Qing Dynasty, so the system of accreditation and state administration was combined. The reason is that we could not afford to work on the education system because of the domestic war. For a while after the establishment of the New China, textbooks from the People's Party and the Communist Party-controlled regions were mixed. Since then, the government of New China has stabilized and the state-run system has been fully implemented. Since then, China's reform and opening policy has changed its textbook review again. In 1986, compulsory nine-year education began, and the certification system was implemented in full-scale. Again, the Chinese Ministry of Education announced that under the ideology of national power in the compilation of textbooks, elementary and middle school chapters (Moral and Rule of Law, Chinese Language, and History) will use the national textbook from the fall of 2019.