중국 근대 독본류 교과서의 시기별 편찬 체제 양상 -1840년에서 1949년까지의 국어독본을 중심으로
Patterns of Compilation Systems of Modern Chinese Reader-Type Textbooks by Period
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초록
중국의 근대 교과서 편찬 체제의 가장 대표적인 특징은 새로운 근대 문명을 시급히 받아들이기 위해 실리를 중시하여 서구와 일본 교과서의 장점을 빠르게 수용했다는 점이다. 이 과정에서 근대 독본류 국어 교과서는 초기에는 기본적으로 다른 교과의 교과서와 비슷한 편찬 체제로 구성되었지만, 이후로는 점차 중국인의 인식과 내용이 반영된 편찬 체제를 형성해 나가기 시작했다. 이에 본 고에서는 1840년에서 1949년까지의 중국의 근대 국어독본을 대상으로 시기별 편찬 체제의 양상에 대해 살펴보았다.
Abstract
The compilation system of modern Chinese national language textbooks has been deeply influenced by China’s national system, educational policies, social issues, and the rapidly changing international situation. Accordingly, this study examines the characteristics of the compilation systems of modern Chinese national language textbooks from 1840 to 1949, focusing on each historical period. For the purpose of this study, the timeline was divided based on the founding of the Republic of China in 1912. The period before the founding of the Republic was further analyzed by focusing on the textbooks compiled by the Chinese themselves during the late Qing dynasty, while the period after the founding was analyzed based on the impact of the Vernacular Chinese Movement. For this study, our research team selected and analyzed 50 major modern Chinese national language textbooks as primary sources. Previous research on the compilation system of modern Chinese national language textbooks has been notably limited and lacks a systematic approach. Existing studies tend to focus on individual textbooks or are confined to those compiled during the late Qing dynasty and early Republican period. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a detailed examination of the compilation systems of modern Chinese national language textbooks by period, using specific examples from 1840, the beginning of the modern era, to 1949, just before the establishment of the People’s Republic of China.