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EU에 있어 젠더 스테레오타입 예방과 근절을 위한 정책 : 「젠더평등전략 2020-2025」를 중심으로

Policies for Preventing and Eliminating Gender Stereotypes in the EU : Focusing on the “Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025”

채형복
법학연구원 (Legal Research Institute of Korea University)|2024.01|법학논고 (KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY LAW JOURNAL)|제84호|pp. 479-522|DOI 10.17248/knulaw..84.202401.479

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유럽연합European Union(EU)젠더 기반 폭력남녀평등Sexual EqualityGender Stereotypes젠더 스테레오타입Gender-based Violence젠더평등전략 2020-2025Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025

초록

유럽연합(EU)은 남녀평등을 EU의 기본적 가치 및 목표의 하나로 보고, 지속적으로 양성평등정책을 실시해오고 있다. 유럽연합의 기능에 관한 조약(EU기능조약, TFEU) 제8조는, “모든 활동에서(In all its activities) (유럽)연합은 남성과 여성 사이의 불평등을 제거하고 평등을 촉진하는 데 목표를 둔다”고 규정하고 있다. 이처럼 TFEU는 EU의 모든 활동 영역에서 남녀평등을 추진할 것을 요구하고 있다. 하지만 남녀평등정책의 실시에도 불구하고 유럽역내시장에는 여전히 불평등이 남아있고, 성별 격차는 해소되지 않고 있다. 그 중에서도 최근 핵심 이슈로 등장하고 있는 것이 ‘젠더 스테레오타입’이다. 젠더 스테레오타입이란 “성 혹은 젠더에 대한 편향된 인식에서 비롯되는 성 고정관념 혹은 젠더 고정관념”이다. 유럽위원회는 이 문제를 근절하기 위한 현실정책의 일환으로 ‘전략’ 혹은 ‘전략들’을 수립하여 실시하고 있다. 현재 새로운 전략인 「젠더평등유럽 2020-2025(A gender-equal Europe 2020-2025)」(이하, 「전략」)가 시행되고 있다. 「전략」은 여섯 가지 우선정책순위를 정하고 있는데, 그 첫 번째가 바로 “폭력과 고정관념에서의 자유(Being free from violence and stereotypes)”이다. 본고에서는 ‘젠더 기반 폭력’과 ‘젠더 스테레오타입’을 중심으로 현행 「전략」의 성과와 한계, 그리고 개선점에 대해 분석하고자 한다.

Abstract

The European Union (EU) views sexual equality as one of the EU's basic values and goals, and has continuously implemented gender equality policies. Article 8 of the Treaty on the Function of the European Union (TFEU) states: “In all its activities, the Union shall aim to eliminate inequalities, and to promote equality, between men and women.” As such, the TFEU is demanding that gender equality be promoted in all areas of EU activity. However, the gender gap is still not resolved, and despite the implementation of gender equality policies, inequality still exists in the European internal market. Among them, ‘gender stereotypes’ is one that has recently emerged as a key issue. Gender stereotypes are “sex or gender stereotypes that arise from biased perceptions of sex or gender.” The European Commission is establishing and implementing a ‘strategy’ or ‘strategies’ as part of a realistic policy to resolve this problem. Currently, a new strategy, “A gender-equal Europe 2020-2025” (hereinafter “The Strategy”) is being implemented. The Strategy sets out six policy priorities, the first of which is “Being free from violence and stereotypes.” In this paper, we will analyze the achievements, limitations, and areas for improvement of the current Strategy, focusing on ‘gender-based violence’ and ‘gender stereotypes.’

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