살구 추출물의 항산화성, 항돌연변이성 및 세포독성 효과
Antioxidative, Antimutagenic and Cytotoxic Effects of Prunus armeniaca Extracts
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초록
살구 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성은 RC50값이 살구씨와 살구과육 에탄올 추출물의 경우 각각 48.3 μg과 43.9 μg으로서 강한 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 살구 에탄올 추출물의 항돌연변이 효과의 검토는 Salmonella typhimurium의 변이주인 TA98과 TA100을 이용한 Ames test로 확인하였다. 그 결과 살구씨 및 과육 에탄올 추출물 자체의 돌연변이원성은 없었고 직접변이원인 MNNG에 대해 시료농도 200 μg/plate에서 살구씨와 살구과육 에탄올 추출물 각각에서 TA100이 69.4% 및 65.9%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 같은 농도에서 4NQO에 대해서는 살구과육 에탄올 추출물의 경우 TA98과 TA100이 각각 45.9% 및 44.3%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 암세포 성장억제효과를 검토한 결과 살구씨 에탄올 추출물 4 mg/mL 첨가 시 A549, AGS, MCF-7, HeLa 및 Hep3B에서 각각 63.7, 56, 86.3, 78 및 53.7%의 억제 효과를 보였다. 살구과육 에탄올 추출물 4 mg/mL 첨가 시 위암세포 AGS에서 58.0% 억제효과를 보인 반면 모든 암세포에서 72.8%이상의 높은 억제효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 암세포에 대한 높은 억제 효과에 비해 인간 정상 신장세포 293에 대해서는 37.2% 이하의 생육 억제율을 나타냄으로서 정상세포에 대해서는 낮은 독성효과를 가짐을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
This study was performed to measure the antioxidative, antimutagenic, and cytotoxic properties of Prunus armeniaca using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical donating method, the Ames test, and cytotoxicity measurements, respectively. Electron-donating abilities were 48.3, 43.9, 14.8 and 12.9 per g dry matter of P. armeniaca seed (PAS), P. armeniaca flesh (PAF), butylated hydroxytoluene, and α-tocopherol, respectively. The direct antimutagenic effects of an ethanol extract of P. armeniaca were examined in Ames tests using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 as reporter organisms. In the Ames test, the ethanol extract of P. armeniaca alone did not exhibit any mutagenicity but the extract did show substantial inhibitory effects against mutations induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The ethanol extract of PAS (200 g dry matter/plate) inhibited strain TA98 mutagenesis induced by 4NQO by ca. 37.9%, and mutation inhibition values of 42.1% and 69.4%, respectively, were observed when 4NQO and MNNG acted on the TA100 strain. The cytotoxic effects of ethanol extracts of P. armeniaca against cell lines of human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), and human gastric carcinoma (AGS) rose with increases in extract concentration. An ethanol extract (4 mg/mL dry matter) of PAF showed strong cytotoxicities of 88.2%, 58%, 72.8%, 89.4%, and 91.9% against A549, AGS, MCF-7, HeLa, and Hep3B cells, respectively. In contrast, the same extract showed only 1337% cytotoxicity for a normal human kidney cell line (293). It is suggested that P. armeniaca possesses useful antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticancer properties.
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