리처드 포크의 ‘세계화’ 개념이 교육에 주는 함의
Globalization and Education: Richard Falk's Perspective
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본 논문은 리처드 포크가 제시한 두 개의 세계화 개념을 분석과 해석의 틀로 삼아 세계화 개념이 갖는 교육적 함의를 살펴보려는 것이다. 이를 위해 필자는 먼저 포크의 하향식-상향식 세계화의 논의 배경과 상호 관련성에 주목할 것이다. 포크의 세계화 개념에서 교육적 시사점을 도출하기 위해서는 포크가 어떤 주장을 하고 이러한 주장은 어떠한 논리에서 나왔는가를 명확히 해야 할 것이기 때문이다. 이어 필자는 포크의 하향식 세계화가 갖는 친시장적 경향과 특성을 설명하고 세계 자본주의의 성립이 현대 교육에 주는 시사점을 검토할 것이다. 끝으로 필자는 포크의 상향식 세계화의 특징, 배경, 비전 등을 고찰하고 세계시민 사회의 형성이 주는 교육적 의미를 탐구할 것이다. 본 논문은 세계화의 개념에 대해 상반되는 두 접근을 소개하여 세계화에 대한 인식의 지평을 넓히는 데 공헌하는 한편 세계화와 교육의 관계를 이해하는 데 기여할 것이다.
Abstract
The paper draws on the work of Richard Falk(1993; 1999) to analyze the influence of globalization on education. In the first half of the paper, it explains Falk’s notion of “globalization-from-above” which is the geopolitical expansion of the Western free market system. The changing mandates of education and curriculum under the influence of global capitalism in this light are identified. The second half of the paper, on the other hand, examines Falk's vision of global civil society known as “globalization-from-below” and considers its possible impact upon the field of education. At the heart of the exploration is an educational discussion of how the non-marketized vision of global civil society tends to crowd out the dominant capitalist mode of educational thinking. The paper helps us understand the meaning(s) of education in global times while uncovering the relation between globalization and education.
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