공급기업의 거래특유투자가 성과에 미치는 영향에 있어서 구매기업의 구매전략의 조절효과에 관한 연구
Moderating Effects of Buyers’Purchasing Strategies on the Relationship between Suppliers’ Transaction Specific Investment and their Firm Performance
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초록
공급기업과 구매기업은 각기 자사 마케팅전략에 따라 영업과 구매부문의 전략을 실행하고 각 사의 상황에 맞도록 독자적인 의사결정을 한다는 점에서 상호간 전략의 정합성 연구는 매우 중요한 의미를 가진다. 이 연구는 공급기업의 거래특유투자가 구매기업의 신뢰와 몰입을 유도하고 공급기업의 거래성과를 높인다는 기존 연구에 더하여 구매기업의 구매전략, 즉 공급자관계 전략(경쟁전략 대 협력전략)과 원가절감 전략(가격전략 대 품질전략)이 구매기업 몰입과 공급기업 거래성과에 미치는 조절효과를 분석하고자 한다. 이 연구는 산업재 공급자-구매자 관계에 대해 관계마케팅 분야 연구와 구매전략 분야의 연구를 통합적으로 조망하는 모델로서 매개효과 및 조절효과 모형을 제안하고, 여기서 도출된 가설을 검증한다. 실증분석 자료는 설문조사를 통해 수집하였고, 248개 산업재 구매기업의 구매담당자가 참여하였다. 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 공급기업의 거래특유투자는 신뢰와 몰입을 거쳐 거래성과에 긍정적인 영향을 준다. 둘째, 구매기업이 공급자관계 전략으로서 경쟁전략을 추구하는가 또는 협력전략을 추구하는가에 따라 공급기업의 거래특유투자가 몰입에 미치는 영향이 달라진다. 셋째, 구매기업이 원가절감 전략으로서 가격전략을 추구하는가 또는 품질전략을 추구하는가에 따라 몰입이 거래성과에 미치는 영향이 달라진다. 이 연구의 공헌은 지금까지 공급자-구매자간 관계를 강화하는 전략으로 간주되어온 거래특유투자가 구매전략의 유형에 따라 다른 영향을 받는다는 것을 밝힌 것이다. 그 함의는 산업재 공급기업은 마케팅전략 결정에서 구매기업의 구매전략과의 정합성을 고려해야한다는 것이다. 이 연구의 한계점은 공급기업 변수에 대한 자료 수집이 구매기업으로부터 수집되었다는 것이다. 향후 연구는 보다 다양한 구매전략의 유형과 관계마케팅 실행요인을 확인하고 변수간 상호 영향관계를 규명할 필요가 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 산업재 시장에서 공급기업의 마케팅 전략의 성과가 구매기업의 구매전략 유형에 따라 다른 영향을 받는다는 것을 검증한 첫 시도라는 점에서 관련 분야 이론과 실무에 공헌하였다고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
This study attempts to investigate the effect of suppliers’transaction specific investments(TSI) and the buyer’s purchasing strategies on the suppliers’marketing performance. More specifically this study examines if suppliers’transaction specific investments influence their firm performance through the buyer’s trust and commitment. In this process, it also examines whether the buyer’s purchasing strategies, which include a relationship strategy(competitive or cooperative purchasing strategy) and a cost reduction strategy(price-focused or quality-focused purchasing strategy), moderate the relationship between the buyer’s commitment and the supplier’s performance. The study proposes a conceptual model integrating extant relationship marketing research and purchasing strategy research in supplier-buyer relationships and test hypotheses derived from the conceptual model. Data were collected through a survey, and 248 purchasing managers participated in the survey. Major findings of the study can be summarized as follows. First, suppliers’TSIs positively affect their firm performance through buyers’ trust and commitment. Second, the influence which suppliers’TSIs have on buyers’commitment varies according to whether the buyer adopts a competitive purchasing strategy or a cooperative purchasing strategy. Third, the influence which the buyer’s commitment has on suppliers’ firm performance varies according to whether the buyer adopts a price-focused purchasing strategy or a quality-focused purchasing strategy. Major findings of this study indicate that industrial suppliers’ marketing strategy decisions should consider the buyer’s purchasing strategy. The fact that data of supplier variables were collected from buyers can be a limitation of this research. Future research is expected to develop and examine the mutual influence between buyers’ specific purchasing strategies and suppliers’relationship marketing factors. This study empirically examined the moderating effect of a buyer’s purchasing strategy on the relation ship between a supplier’s transaction specific investment and firm performance.
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