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정치이념과 소비행태에 대한 연구 동향 분석

A Review of Research Trends in the Political Ideology and Consumer Behavior

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참고문헌

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주제분류경영학

초록

정치이념(political ideology)은 투표와 같은 사람들의 정치행위에만 영향을 주는 것이 아니라, 사람들의 일상적인 소비행위에도 영향을 미친다. 이에 따라 정치이념을 진보와 보수로 나눈 뒤, 이들이 다양한 소비상황에서 어떠한 태도를 보일 것인지를 분석하는 연구가 최근 20년 동안 꾸준히 진행됐다. 하지만 연구의 범위와 구성 요인, 개념적 정의 등이 연구마다 다를 뿐 아니라, 정치이념이 소비자 의사결정과 행동에 어떻게 영향을 주는지에 초점을 둔 연구는 많지 않다. 특히 국내에서는 정치이념에 따른 소비행태 분석보다는, 정치이념과 소비자 불매운동에 관한 연구가 보다 일반화되어 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 관련 분야에 관한 관심과 연구가 제한적인 상황에서 기존 문헌들을 고찰함으로써 정치이념이 소비행태에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 이해를 증진하고, 이를 바탕으로 향후 나아가야 할 연구 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 기존 문헌에 따르면 우선 쾌락재와 실용재 구입과 관련해 진보주의자들은 보수주의자들보다 쾌락재 선택에 더 높은 선호를 보인다. 이는 쾌락재가 가진 모호한 주관적 특성의 영향과 함께 진보주의자들이 가진 높은 개방성의 영향으로 분석된다. 럭셔리 제품 구매와 관련해서는 보수주의자들의 선호가 진보주의자들보다 높다. 보수주의자들이 현재의 지위를 유지하면서 남보다 자신을 우월하게 보여주는 것으로 럭셔리 제품을 선택한다는 분석이다. 친환경 제품 구매와 관련해서는 진보주의자들의 선호도가 높았다. 이들은 지속가능한 소비와 긍정적인 상관관계를 보였다. 또 서비스에 대한 불편 의견을 전달하는 것과 관련해서는 보수주의자들이 진보주의자들보다 가급적 억제하는 경향이 있다. 이는 보수주의자들이 권위 있는 인물들에게 굴복하고 질서를 유지하기 위해 강압적인 사회통제에 지지를 보이는 경향이 진보주의자들보다 높기 때문이다. 마지막으로 흡연 금지나 운전 중 스마트폰 사용자제 등과 같은 정부가 제시하는 소비 경고 문구에 대해서는 보수주의자들은 진보주의자들보다 특정 경고문구를 따르지 않는 경향이 있다. 이는 정부 개입에 대한 심리적 반응에서 보수-진보 양측이 차이가 있기 때문이다.

Abstract

Political ideology not only affects people's political behavior, such as voting, but also affects people's daily consumption behavior. Accordingly, research has been steadily conducted over the past 20 years to analyze how they will take an attitude in various consumption situations after dividing political ideology into liberals and conservatives. However, the scope, constituent factors, and conceptual definition of the study were different from study to study. In addition, there are not many studies focusing on how political ideology affects consumer decision-making and behavior. In particular, in Korea, research on political ideology and consumer boycott is more common than analysis of consumption behavior according to political ideology. The purpose of this study is to analyze existing literature in a situation where interest and research in related fields are limited. Through this, it is intended to increase the understanding of how political ideology affects consumption behavior and to present future research directions. According to existing literature, liberals have a higher preference for choosing hedonic products than conservatives in relation to purchasing hedonic products and utilitarian products. This is analyzed as the influence of the ambiguous subjective characteristics of hedonic products and the influence of the high openness of liberals. Conservatives have a higher preference than liberals when it comes to purchasing luxury products. Analysts say that conservatives choose luxury products to show themselves superior to others while maintaining their current status. When it comes to purchasing eco-friendly products, liberals had a high preference. They showed a positive correlation with sustainable consumption. In addition, conservatives tend to restrain them as much as possible when it comes to conveying inconvenient opinions about services. Finally, conservatives tend not to follow certain warnings more than liberals when it comes to consumption warnings presented by the government. This is because there is a difference between the conservative and progressive sides in the psychological response to government intervention.

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