정치 성향이 고객참여행동 및 고객시민행동에 미치는 영향: 서비스 가격 수준 및 소비 상황의 조절효과
The Effect of Political Ideology on Customer Participation Behavior and Customer Citizenship Behavior: Moderating Effect of Service Price Level and Consumption Situation
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초록
최근 고객의 갑질행위가 사회적 문제로 대두되면서 고객과 서비스 제공자의 평등한 관계를 촉구하는 '매너 소비' 개념이 부상하였다. 본 연구는 서비스 접점에서 고객의 참여행동 및 시민행동을 예측하기 위해 사회계층에 대한 태도를 반영하는 정치 성향에 초점을 두었다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 정치 성향이 고객참여행동 및 고객시민행동에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 또한 권력거리신념을 매개변수로 도입하고, 서비스 가격 수준과 소비 상황의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 설문조사는 헤어미용 서비스를 이용한 경험이 있는 성인 소비자 594명을 대상으로 진행되었다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 보수적인 소비자는 진보적인 소비자보다 권력거리신념이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 권력거리신념이 높을수록 고객참여행동과 시민행동이 감소하였다. 셋째, 보수적인 소비자는 서비스 가격을 높게 지각할수록 권력거리신념이 더욱 높아졌다. 넷째, 보수적인 소비자는 공적(vs. 사적) 상황에서 권력거리신념이 낮아지는 경향이 있었다. 본 연구는 정치 성향과 고객참여행동 및 시민행동의 관계를 처음으로 규명한 연구 중 하나로, 정치 성향에 따른 소비자의 고객참여행동 및 고객시민행동을 이해하고 관련 연구를 확장할 수 있는 기초를 마련하였다. 더불어 고객의 서비스 참여를 극대화함으로써 서비스 조직의 성과와 경쟁력을 향상시킬 수 있는 전략적 시사점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Recently, as customer abusive behavior has emerged as a social problem, the concept of ‘manners consumption’ has emerged, which calls for an equal relationship between customers and service providers. This study focuses on political ideology, which reflects attitudes toward social hierarchy, to predict customer participation behavior and citizenship behavior at service encounters. Specifically, this study examined the impact of political ideology on customer participation behavior and customer citizenship behavior. We also introduced power distance beliefs as a mediating variable and analysed the moderating effects of service price level and consumption situation. The survey was conducted among 594 adult consumers who have used hairdressing services. The results showed that, first, conservative consumers had higher power distance beliefs than liberal consumers. Second, higher power distance beliefs were associated with lower customer participation behavior and citizenship behavior. Third, conservative consumers had higher power distance beliefs when they perceived higher prices for services. Fourth, conservative consumers tended to have lower power distance beliefs in public (vs. private) situations. As one of the first studies to examine the relationship between political ideology and customer participation behavior and citizenship behavior, this study provides a foundation for further research to understand and extend the understanding of customer participation behavior and citizenship behavior of consumers based on political ideology. This study also provides strategic implications for service organisations to improve their performance and competitiveness by maximising customers' participation.
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