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통합적 코로나바이러스감염증-19 대응과 감염병의 예방 및 관리에 관한 법률의 적용상 쟁점

COVID-19 Comprehensive Response and Management Issues under the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act

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주제분류법학

초록

2019년 12월 31일 중국에서 '바이러스성 폐렴' 사례가 보고된 후, 두 해가 지나도록 코로나바이러스감염증-19 대유행은 끝이 보이지 않는다. 세계인은 그 어느 때보다 단절과 동시에 서로 연결되어 있음을 경험하고 있다. 코로나19의 원인 바이러스는 전파속도가 빠르고, 전염력이 높아 신속하게 바이러스의 전파를 차단하여 사람 간 감염되지 않도록 하는 방역 조치가 매우 중요하다. 감염이나 감염 의심 사례가 발생하면 가장 먼저 바이러스의 전파 경로를 파악하는 역학조사가 필요하다. 우리나라는 역학조사를 위해 스마트 검역시스템, 역학조사 지원시스템, 환자 정보 관리시스템 등을 활용하였다. 감염병의 예방 및 관리에 관한 법률에 따라 보건당국의 권한이 있었기 때문에 정보통신 기술 인프라를 활용하여 개인정보를 광범위하게 수집할 수 있었고, 감염병 의심자에 대한 자가 격리 전략이 가능했다. 하지만, 밀접 접촉자 추적조사를 위하여 수집한 데이터를 대중에게 공개함으로써 개인정보 보호 문제와 프라이버시 침해 논란은 피할 수 없었다. 감염병 의심자에 대한 자가 격리에 따른 인권 침해도 쟁점이 되었다. 본 논문은 공중 보건 비상 상황에서 법치의 질서를 왜곡시키지 않고, 개인의 권리를 보호하는 통합적인 감염병 관리를 위하여 감염병 관리 기본법 제정을 검토하고, 공중 보건 데이터 거버넌스의 정당성을 논한 후, 공중 보건 감시 및 보고 데이터의 처리를 위한 가이드라인의 표준화를 제안하였다.

Abstract

After a case of 'viral pneumonia' was reported in China on December 31, 2019, COVID-19 was an incident that caused people all around the world to feel detached and anxious. During a pandemic, it was also an event that drew the entire world together. The main concept for reducing human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which is characterized by rapid transmission, is to reduce the basic reproductive ratio. The first step after detecting an illness or infection is to perform an epidemiological study to discover the virus's path of transmission and travel logs. Because the Public Health Authorities had jurisdiction under the Infectious Disease Prevention and Management Act, the Republic of Korea was allowed to acquire substantial personal information by employing information and communication technology and infrastructure to control epidemiological investigations. However, the issue of personal data security and privacy breach could not be avoided by sharing the collected personal data with the public for contact tracing. Human rights violations relating to movement restrictions caused by self-isolation were also a source of contention. The legitimacy of public health data governance and the standardization of reporting data processing guidelines, as well as the enactment of a basic law on infectious disease control for comprehensive infectious disease management that protects human rights without distorting the rule of law in public health emergencies, are all discussed in this article.

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