서고성의 궁전배치를 통해 본 발해 도성제의 변화

Abstract

This paper examines first, the present state of research on Seogo castle or previous scholarly discussions on the location of the central capital, second, an understanding of the structure of Seogo castle based on excavation reports, third, an examination of the structural chararterisics of Seogo castle and it's meaning through comparison with Sanggyeong castle and other capital cities. In the architectural structure of Seogo castle all buildings are located on a single axis, in the inner castle five palace buildings are distributed in a "+" fashion. Among these palace buildings, palace numbers 1, 2 and 5 are located on a single axis from north to south, palace numbers 4, 2 and 3 are distributed in order from west to east. The southern gate site of the inner palace is located in the center of the entire castle, in the center of the inner palace of palace number 2. Seen from an architectural standpoint, all palace remains were built by alternately piling up soil and river pebbles, but the fact that palace number 4 was built by using only stamped earth, reinforcement facilities built under the lower part of the foundation, different locations of foundation stones in the eastern and western corridors seems to show that Seogo castle was not built in one period and under the same concept, but was continually rebuilt in sucessive periods. There is the possibility that the central capital to which King Mun relocated to was not Seogo castle, and even if it was it is possible that the original form was different from what we see today. If Tang Changan castle had single axis arrangement and the inner palace located in the middle northern portion as its main characteristics, this shows that the Balhae people built Seogo castle with an already mature capital city construction concept with a pre-conceived city plan. Therefore the theory that Sanggyeong castle, which is located in-between Seogo castle and Pallyun castle, was built successively must be re-considered. This is because, according to excavation of Sanggyeong castle, in the excavation trench between palace number 1,2 and palace number 2,3 there was no distinct discrepancy in period shows that the original Sanggyeong palace was not expanded from the original palace number 3-5 to palace number 1-2, but that palace numbers 1-5 was built in the same period. Therefore the view that, Balhae Sanggyeong castle, following changes in national strength, "when King Mun relocated the capital to Sanggyeong castle only palace numbers 3-5 around palace number 3 was built and only after the capital was again relocated from the eastern capital back to Sanggyeong during the reigns of Kings Seong and Daeijin the imperial palace was greatly expanded. Only after Balhae was called the flourishing nation in the east during the reigns of Kings Seon and Daeijin was the palace expanded to the present capital city architectural structure" must be reconsidered.