요대 사환한 발해인들의 지향(指向) 검토

Abstract

Examined in this article are the lives of Balhae people (refugees or their descendants) who were initially forced to relocate to the inland of the Khitan Liao state, yet then either recruited by the Liao authorities or decided themselves to serve the Liao government. The number of Balhae people who served the Khitans as governmental officials was of course lower than that of the Balhae people who later served the Jurchens within the Chin government, but the former’s paths and careers were equally diverse with the latter. Admittedly their political status was unstable when they began to serve in the local Dong’ran-guk(東丹國) government and the Donggyeong-do(東京道) province in the early days of Liao rule. But as time passed, some of those Balhae people, acknowledged by the Khitan officials for their cooperation to the Liao government, eventually managed to escape the boundaries of their previous stations to either serve as local officials in other local capitals such as Namgyeong(南京) and Junggyeong(中京) provincial, or finally enter the central government, expanding their range of operations as well as areas of their service. Of course, there were other Balhae people who refused to cooperate with the Liao rule. Some of them instead surrendered to the Chinese Han authorities in regions above the Yellow river(such as Later Ju/後周 and Song/宋), and build a new life there for themselves.