기와로 본 평양지역 고구려 사원유적의 조영시기 검토

Abstract

The history of introduction of Buddihism and temple construction in Goguryeo can be found in the ancient records like 『Samguksagi(三國史記)』 and 『Samgukyusa(三國遺事)』. Although there are many things to be academically verified and solved, such as where the geographical names which were written in the ancient records indicate today, or why the remains of the first temple of Goguryeo were not found in the Ji’an(集安), we can infer the possibility that the buddihist temples were continuously constructed in Goguryeo. Studying the temples of Goguryeo(高句麗) is important for estimating Goguryeo’s ‘Nungsa(陵寺) system’ which indicates the system of building temple around the tomb, besides providing an insight into the patterns of ancient East Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to figure out the construction of temples of Goguryeo by analyzing the relics excavated from the sites. Five sites have been investigated and reported as relics of the temple of Goguryeo until now, including Wonori(元五里) Temple Site, Cheongamri(淸岩里) Temple Site, Sangori(上五里) Temple Site, Jeongneung(定陵) Temple Site and Toseongri(土城里) Temple Site in Bongsangun(鳳山郡). While almost all temple sites are located in or near Pyongyang area, there have been no cases of Goguyeo’s temples sites found or reported in the other areas. Most of the temples of Goguryeo found by archaeological excavation have the east-west-north building arrangements surrounding the pagoda with octagonal stylobate. In the temple sites of Goguryeo, no relics with historical date and ancient documents showing the construction time have been found. Therefore, this study examined the construction time of temples of Goguryeo in Pyongyang by analyzing the convex roof tiles whose production time is known. As a result, the construction time of Cheongamri Temple Site is estimated to be in the fourth quarter of the fifth century after from to be in the third quarter of the sixth century, Jeongneung Temple Site, the temple site located around King Munjamyeong(文咨明王)’s tomb, to be in the first quarter of the sixth century after from to be in the fourth quarter of the sixth century. Wonori Temple Site to be in the fourth quarter of the sixth century before. Although it is difficult to determine the exact construction time of Sangori is thought that the time is later than the fourth quarter of the fifth century after from to be in the third quarter of the sixth century . The ancient records show that temples were built in Goguryeo from third and fourth quarters of the fourth century, but temples with roof tiles and Goguryeo style building lay out are found after the fourth quarter of the fifth century.