고구려 안시성의 위치와 안시성주 전승의 추이

Abstract

Until now, the retreat of the Tang dynasty army to Yodongseong from Ansi castle has received no attention in scholarly discourse. The retreat took between two and three days; the typical marching distance per day at that time, which yields a distance between the two castles of less than 70 km. Despite several assumptions about the location of Ansi castle, no current candidates match Ansi castle in terms of distance, except for the region around Haeseong city (海城市) and Youngseongja mountain castle (英城子山城) near Haseong city. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the region around Haeseong city to locate a castle that might be a good candidate for Ansi castle. The first written records of the Ansi castle’s governor Yang Manchoon is the book Dangseojijeontongsokyeonui (唐書志傳通俗演義), which was introduced to Joseon around the time of the Imjin Japanese Intrusion. A compilation of essays entitled as Woljeongmanphil (月汀漫筆) is the first written records about aforementioned name by Yoon Geunsoo. He heard of it himself from Ming dynasty’s Oh Jongdo (吳宗道). In addition, Joseon’s Lee Sibal read it and told Yoon Geunsoo that the castle governor was indeed Yang Manchoon. This suggested that Lee Sibal was the first to read Dangseojijeontongsokyenoui during the Joseon period. Scholars of the 16th and 17th centuries perpetuated the myths of Yang Manchoon begun by Yoon Geunsoo. Some of the original references to Ansi castle in Joseon’s literature mentioning Yang Manchoon are identified, but there are some unidentified records or misinformation associated with Yang Manchoon’s name. This incorrect information may have resulted from personal memories of books or was simply wrongly transmitted from others. In addition, expressions regarding the cited references varies; China (中國), transmission across generation (世傳), told by the Chinese (中原人相傳), Jungjujabgi (中州雜記), Chinese historical chronicles (中國史記), and overheard words (以愚所聞). Despite the lack of concrete details and absence of references, several literatures are thought to have been improvised by the author. Furthermore, there is the problem of the dual spellings of Yang Manchoon’s name, either 梁萬春 or 楊萬春 (though the names are pronounced the same, the surname’s characters differ). Although originally 梁萬春 as in Dangseojijeontongsokyeonui or Woljeongmanphil, people who did not read theses books confused with the more common name 楊, and it was the latter surname that was recorded and transmitted in the later literatures.