Ditching 'Diglossia': Describing Ecologies of the Spoken and Inscribed in Pre-modern Korea
0
조회
0
다운로드
11
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper critiques previous research about the relationship between speech and writing in East Asia in general, and in Korea in particular, with a view to two questions of terminology: how to refer to the complex ecology of spoken and written language in pre-20th century Korea, and how to refer to the broader East Asian cultural formation of which Korea was a part. Following the seminal work of Sheldon Pollock on the 'Sanskrit Cosmopolis' the author proposes the term 'Sinographic Cosmopolis' for the regions of East Asia that used Literary Sinitic and sinographs, and presents arguments suggesting that the term 'diglossia' has little or no utility in discussing ecologies of speech and writing, whether in pre-modern Korea or in the broader Sinographic Cosmopolis.
Abstract
This paper critiques previous research about the relationship between speech and writing in East Asia in general, and in Korea in particular, with a view to two questions of terminology: how to refer to the complex ecology of spoken and written language in pre-20th century Korea, and how to refer to the broader East Asian cultural formation of which Korea was a part. Following the seminal work of Sheldon Pollock on the 'Sanskrit Cosmopolis' the author proposes the term 'Sinographic Cosmopolis' for the regions of East Asia that used Literary Sinitic and sinographs, and presents arguments suggesting that the term 'diglossia' has little or no utility in discussing ecologies of speech and writing, whether in pre-modern Korea or in the broader Sinographic Cosmopolis.
참고문헌 (85)
- Árokay, Judit, "Divided Languages? Diglossia, Translation and the Rise of Modernity in Japan, China and the Slavic World" (2014), Springer
- Bakalla, M. H., "Arabic Culture through its Language and Literature" (1984), Kegan Paul International
- 장윤희, "국어생활사의 관점에서 본 문학 작품의 가치", 국어국문학, 141, pp.107~132 (2005), 국어국문학회
- Chang, Yusu˘ng, "On aspects of translation in the Hwawang pon’gi", Minjok munhwa, 28, pp.191~224 (2005)
- Cho, Dong-il, "Reconstructing Cultural Memory: Translation, Scripts, Literacy", pp.155~164 (2000), Rodopi
- 조성산, "18세기 후반~19세기 전반 조선 지식인의 語文 인식 경향", 한국문화, (47), pp.177~202 (2009), 규장각한국학연구원
- Cho, Tongil, "East Asian literature in its unity and diversity" (1999), Chisik Sano˘psa
- Cho, Tongil, "Literature in the common literary language and ethno-national literature" (1999), Chisik Sano˘psa
- Cho, Tongil, "Homogeneity and heterogeneity in civilizational spheres" (1999), Chisik Sano˘psa
- 정병설, "조선시대 한문과 한글의 위상과 성격에 대한 一考 - 心身寓言의 비교를 통하여 -", 한국문화, (48), pp.3~20 (2009), 규장각한국학연구원
- 정소연, "<龍飛御天歌>와 <月印千江之曲> 비교연구 -양층언어현상(Diglossia)을 중심으로-", 우리어문연구, (33), pp.187~222 (2009), 우리어문학회
- 정소연, "한문과 국어의 양층언어성(diglossia)을 중심으로 본 송강 정철의 한시와 시조 비교연구", 한국학연구, (38), pp.385~422 (2011), 한국학연구소
- Cho˘ng, Su˘ngch’o˘l, "Language and literature in early modern Korea", pp.77~138 (2005), Seoul National University Press
- Coulmas, Florian, "Pour une théorie de la langue écrite", pp.191~203 (1988), Centre nationale de la recherche scientifique
- Coulmas, Florian, "Does the Notion of Diglossia Apply to Japanese? Some Thoughts and some Documentation", Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 10(1), pp.125~142 (1991)
- Denecke, Wiebke, "Studying Transcultural Literary History", pp.278~288 (2006), Walter de Gruyter
- Denecke, Wiebke, "Classical World literatures: Sino-Japanese and Greco-Roman Comparisons" (2013), Oxford University Press
- Duthie, Torquil, "Man’yoˉshuˉ and the Imperial Imagination in Early Japan" (2014), E. J. Brill
- Fenkl, Heinz Insu, "九雲夢 Kuunmong A Translator’s Note", Azalea: Journal of Korean Literature and Culture, 7, pp.357~362 (2014)
- Ferguson, Charles A., "Diglossia", Word, 15, pp.325~340 (1959)
- Ferguson, Charles A., "Epilogue: Diglossia Revisited", Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 10(1), pp.214~234 (1991)
- Fishman, Joshua A., "Sociolinguistics: A Brief Introduction" (1970), Newbury House
- Frank, Bernard, "Espaces de la lecture" (1988), Éditions Retz
- Frederick, Sarah, "Sirens of the Western Shore: The Westernesque Femme Fatale, Translation, and Vernacular Style in Modern Japanese Literature by Indra Levy (Review)", Journal of Japanese Studies, 34(2), pp.446~450 (2008)
- Galik, Marian, "Some Theoretical Problems of the Interliterary Community of the Far East, In Inter-Asian Comparative Literature", Proceedings of the XIIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association. ICLA 91, pp.222~228 (1995)
- Galik, Marian, "On the Character of the Intercultural Community of the Far East", Revue de littérature comparée, 297, pp.123~132 (2001)
- Gallego, Maria Angeles, "The Languages of Medieval Iberia and their Religious Dimension", Medieval Encounters, 9, pp.107~139 (2003)
- Gebert, Andrew, "The Writing Subject: Makiguchi Tsunesaburo and the Teaching of Composition", Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 12(1), pp.12~21 (2013)
- Gould, Rebecca, "How Newness Enters the World: The Methodology of Sheldon Pollock", Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 28(3), pp.533~557 (2008)
- Heinrich, Patrick, "Things You Have to Leave Behind: The Demise of “Elegant Writing” and the Rise of Genbun Itchi Style in Meiji-period Japan", Journal of Historical Pragmatics, 6(1), pp.113~132 (2005)
- Hill, Michael, "The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895-1919 (Review)", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 70(2), pp.516~524 (2010)
- 허재영, "근대 계몽기 언문일치의 본질과 국한문체의 유형", 어문학, (114), pp.441~467 (2011), 한국어문학회
- Hung, Eva, "Asian Translation Traditions" (2005), Jerome Publishing
- Hunter, Thomas, "Translation in Asia: Theories, Practices, Histories", pp.9~26 (2011), St. Jerome Publishing
- Exploring the Role of Language in Early State Formation of Southeast Asia, "Hunter, Thomas", Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre, ~, pp.Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre Working Paper No. 7 (2011)
- Kamei, Takashi, "The encounter with writing vol. 2" (1963), Heibonsha
- Kaske, Elisabeth, "The Study of Language and the Politics of Community in Global Context", pp.215~256 (2006), Lexington Books
- Kaske, Elisabeth, "The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895-1919" (2008), E. J. Brill
- Kim, Han’gyo˘l, "Views of language and writing in the early modern period of Korean language history", pp.83~196 (2014), Somyo˘ng Ch’ulp’an
- Kim, Kichung, "An introduction to Classical Korean Literature. From Hyangga to P’ansori" (1996), M.E. Sharpe
- Kim-Renaud, Young-Key, "Sejong’s Theory of Literacy and Writing", Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, 30(1), pp.13~45 (2000)
- Kin, Bunkyoˉ, "Literary Sinitic and East Asia: A cultural sphere of ‘reading by gloss’" (2010), Iwanami shoten
- King, Ross, "Infected Korean language, Purity vs. Hybridity: From the Sinographic Cosmopolis to Japanese Colonialism to Global English", pp.1~16 (2014), Cambria Press
- King, Ross, "Inscriptional Repertoires and the Problem of Intra- vs. Interlingual Translation in Pre-Modern Korea", Brill
- King, Ross, "The Language of the Sages in the Realm of Vernacular Inscription: Reading Sheldon Pollock from the Sinographic Cosmopolis", Brill
- King, Ross, "Kugyo˘l and Kunten—Glossing Techniques in Korea and Japan in Comparative Perspective", Brill
- King, Ross, "Accessing the Cosmopolitan Code in the Sinographic Cosmopolis: Learning Literary Sinitic in Traditional East Asia", ~
- Ko, Youngran, "Encounters with ‘zombies’ wakened from the dead by globalism: The Vietnam War, normalization of Japan-Korea relations, and the Chinese character culture sphere", the 75th meeting of the Nihon Hikaku Bungakkai Zenkoku Taikai (2013), Nagoya University
- Kornicki, Peter, "A Note on Sino-Japanese: A Question of Terminology", Sino-Japanese Studies, 17, pp.29~44 (2010)
- "Lecture 1: The Latin of East Asia? (Sanders Lectures. March 10, 2008)" (2008)[URL]
- "For Lecture 2: Bluffing your way in Chinese" (2008)[URL]
- Lee, Peter H., "History of Korean Literature", pp.336~389 (2003), Cambridge University Press
- Lee, Yeounsuk, "Divided Languages? Diglossia, Translation and the Rise of Modernity in Japan, China and the Slavic World", pp.141~158 (2014), Springer
- Levy, Indra, "Sirens of the Western Shore: The Westernesque Femme Fatale, Translation, and Vernacular Style in Modern Japanese Literature" (2006), Columbia University Press
- Lurie, David, "Realms of Literacy: Early Japan and the History of Writing" (2011), Harvard University Asia Center
- Maier, Henk, "From Heteroglossia to Polyglossia: The Creation of Malay and Dutch in the Indies", Indonesia, 56, pp.38~65 (1993)
- Maier, John R., "Desert songs: Western Images of Morocco and Moroccan Images of the West" (1996), SUNY Press
- Mair, Victor, "Buddhism and the Rise of the Written Vernacular in East Asia: The Making of National Languages", The Journal of Asian Studies, 53(3), pp.707~751 (1994)
- 백채원, "20세기 초기 자료에 나타난 ‘言文一致’의 사용 양상과 그 의미", 국어국문학, (166), pp.77~108 (2014), 국어국문학회
- Pak, Sunham, "Outline history of research on diglossia", Sahoe o˘no˘hak, 5(1), pp.57~87 (1997)
- Finding the “Two” in Diglossia, "Paulillo, John", Program in Linguistics (now the Department of Linguistics & TESOL) at The University of Texas at Arlington, 15~31, pp.UTA Working Papers in Linguistics 1 (1994)
- Pollock, Sheldon, "Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language", pp.197~248 (1996), E. J. Brill
- Pollock, Sheldon, "The Cosmopolitan Vernacular", Journal of Asian Studies, 57(1), pp.6~37 (1998)
- Pollock, Sheldon, "Cosmopolitan and Vernacular in History", Public Culture, 12(3), pp.591~625 (2000)
- Pollock, Sheldon, "The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture and Power in premodern India" (2006), University of California Press
- Pollock, Sheldon, "Margins of Writing, Origins of Cultures", pp.283~293 (2006), The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
- Ricci, Ronit, "Islam Translated: Literature, Conversion and the Arabic Cosmopolis of South and Southeast Asia" (2011), The University of Chicago Press
- Robert, Jean-Noël, "Kanbun for the XXIst century: The future of dead languages", pp.2~ (2001), Kokusai Nihon Bunka Kenkyuˉ Sentaˉ
- Robert, Jean-Noël, "Hieroglossia: A proposal", Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture Bulletin, 30, pp.25~48 (2006)
- Rubio, Gonzalo, "Writing in Another Tongue: Alloglottography in the Ancient Near East", Margins of Writing, Origins of Cultures, Oriental Institute Seminars, 2, pp.45~82 (2006), The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
- Saitoˉ, Mareshi, "East Asia as the Sinographic Sphere", A paper presented at the workshop, The Cultural Foundations of the East Asian Classical World: A Program for Graduate Study, sponsored by the University of British Columbia Department of Asian Studies and the University of Tokyo MEXT Research Initiative “Jodai Bungaku in East Asian Classics,” (2009)
- Snow, Don, "Diglossia in East Asia", Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 20(1), pp.124~151 (2010)
- Wakabayashi, Judy, "Asian Translation Traditions", pp.17~65 (2005), St. Jerome Publishing
- Wells, William Scott, "From Center to Periphery: The Demotion of Literary Sinitic and the Beginnings of Hanmunkwa—Korea, 1876-1910", MA, pp.2011
- Whitman, John, "The Ubiquity of the Gloss", Scripta, 3, pp.1~36 (2011)
- Yi Hyo˘nhu˘i, "Views of language and writing in the early modern period of Korean language history" (2014), Somyo˘ng Ch’ulp’an
- Yi, Hyo˘nhu˘i, "근대 한국어 시기의 언어관, 문자관 연구", pp.9~81 (2014), Somyo˘ng Ch’ulp’an
- Language and Writing Systems in Traditional Korea, In The Traditional Culture and Society of Korea: Art and Literature, "Yi, Ki-moon", The Center for Korean Studies, 15~32, pp.Occasional Papers, no. 4 (1975)
- Yi, Kimun, "A study of the national script and writing during the Enlightenment period" (1970), Ilchogak
- 이군선, "朝鮮 士人의 言語文字 認識", 동방한문학, (33), pp.35~54 (2007), 동방한문학회
- 이병근, "近代國語學의 形成에 관련된 國語觀 - 大韓帝國 時期를 중심으로 -", 한국문화, (32), pp.1~33 (2003), 규장각한국학연구원
- Yi, Sang-hun, "근대 한국어 시기의 언어관, 문자관 연구", pp.197~274 (2014), Somyo˘ng Ch’ulp’an
- Yi, Yo˘nggyo˘ng, "근대 한국어 시기의 언어관, 문자관 연구", pp.275~344 (2014), Somyo˘ng Ch’ulp’an
- Yi, U˘ngho, "History of the han’gu˘l movement during the Enlightenment period" (1975), So˘ngch’o˘ngsa
- Yu Cho, Young-mee, "Diglossia in Korean Language and Literature: A Historical Perspective", East Asia, 20(1), pp.3~23 (2002)
